day 20
classic & classical
classic
◙adj.[usually before noun]
1. accepted or deserving to be accepted as one of the best or most important ofits kind •最优秀的；第一流的:
»a classic novel / study / goal 最佳小说/论文/进球
2. (alsoclas∙sic∙al) withall the features you would expect to find; very typical •有特点的；有代表性的；典型的:
»aclassic exampleof poor communication 缺乏沟通的典型实例
3. elegant, but simple and traditional in style or design; not affected bychanges in fashion • (风格或设计)典雅的,古朴的；传统的:
»classic design 古朴典雅的设计
»classic cars(= cars which are no longer made, but which are still popular) 古典雅致的老式车
2.clas∙sic∙al
◙adj.[usually before noun]
1. widely accepted and used for a long time; traditional in style or idea •古典的；经典的；传统的:
»classical and modern ballet 古典与现代芭蕾舞
2. connected with or influenced by the culture of ancient Greece and Rome •和古希腊与古罗马文化相关的；受古希腊与古罗马文化影响的:
»classical studies 古希腊与古罗马文化的研究
»a classical scholar(= an expert in Latin and Greek) 研究拉丁文与希腊文的学者
3. (of music音乐)written in a Western musical tradition, usually using an established form (forexample asymphony) and not played on electronic instruments. Classical music isgenerally considered to be serious and to have a lasting value. •古典的:
»aclassical composer / violinist
古典音乐作曲家/小提琴手
4. =classic(2) :
»These are classical examples of food allergy. 这些是食物过敏的典型病例。
3.Those words rang out across the Internet last week;
ring'out
• to be heard loudly and clearly 清晰可闻；发出清脆的响声:
4.hoary
◙adj.[usually before noun]
1. (old-fashioned) very old and well known and therefore no longerinteresting 陈腐的；老掉牙的；陈旧的:
»a hoary old joke 老掉牙的笑话
5.ob∙itu∙ary
◙noun(pl.-ies) • an article about sb's life and achievements, that is printed in a newspapersoon after they have died •讣闻；讣告
6.lock∙out
◙noun • a situation when an employer refuses to allow workers into their place of workuntil they agree to various conditions 闭厂,停工(雇主在工人答应各种条件前不准其入厂等)
7.spasm
2.[C]~ (of sth)asudden strong feeling or reaction that lasts for a short time (感情或反应)一阵阵发作,阵发:
»aspasm of anxiety / anger / coughing / pain, etc.突然一阵焦虑、愤怒、咳嗽、疼痛等
8.Andwhy is the American media so fixated on the supposedly imminent demise of classical music?
fix∙ated
◙adj.[not before noun]
•~ (on sb / sth)always thinking and talking about sb / sth in a waythat is not normal (对…)异常依恋,固恋
im∙mi∙nent= approaching
◙adj.
• (especially of sth unpleasant尤指不愉快的事) likely to happen very soon 即将发生的；临近的:
»the imminent threat of invasion 迫在眉睫的入侵威胁
de∙mise
◙noun[sing.]
1. the end or failure of an institution, an idea, a company, etc. •终止；失败；倒闭
2. (formalorhumorous) death •死亡；逝世；一命呜呼:
»hisimminent / sudden / sad demise 他死到临头；他的猝死；他悲惨的死亡
9.Infographic：n.信息图（information+graphic的组合。）
10.dis∙cord
◙noun
1.[U](formal) disagreement;arguing •不一致；不和；纷争:
»marital / family discord 夫妻/家庭不和
【OPP】concord
--› compare harmony(1)
2.[C, U](music音)acombination of musical notes that do not sound pleasant together不协和和弦
11.This timeline shows just how long the“crisis” in classical music has lasted, and just how superfluous it is to declare 2014 the year the art form kicked the bucket.
su∙per∙flu∙ous
◙adj.
• more than you need or want •过剩的；过多的；多余的
【SYN】unnecessary:
»She gave him a look that made words superfluous. 她看了他一眼,这已表明一切,无须多言了。
Kick the bucket = die
12.There is a creepy bloodlust to the doom-mongering of classical music, as though an
autopsy were being conducted on a still-breathing body.
creepy
◙adj.(creep∙ier,creepi∙est)(informal)
1. causing an unpleasant feeling of fear or slight horror 令人毛骨悚然的；令人不寒而栗的
【SYN】scary:
»a creepy ghost story令人毛骨悚然的鬼故事
2. strange in a way that makes you feel nervous •怪异的,离奇的(使人感到紧张):
»What a creepy coincidence. 多么离奇的巧合！
blood∙lust
◙noun[U]
• a strong desire to kill or be violent •杀戮欲；暴力欲
doom/du:m/
◙noun[U]
• death or destruction; any terrible event that you cannot avoid •死亡；毁灭；厄运；劫数:
»to meet your doom 死亡
»She hada sense of impending doom(= felt that sth very bad was going to happen). 她预感到厄运已经逼近。
【IDIOMS】
◘doom and'gloom|◘gloom and'doom
• a general feeling of having lost all hope, and ofpessimism(= expecting things to go badly)
•悲观失望；无望；前景暗淡:
»Despite the obvious setbacks, it is not all doom and gloom for the England team. 尽管明显进攻受挫,但对英国队来说决非胜利无望。
◘prophet of'doom|◘'doom merchant
• a person who predicts that things will go very badly •末日预言者:
»The prophets of doom who said television would kill off the book were wrong.
认为电视会扼杀书籍的悲观预言家完全错了。
13.Stake
If the stakes are as high as the life and death of an art form, why not explore the question of why it might be the case by looking at the actual, lived experiences of those involved?
[sing.]~in sth an important part or share in a business, plan, etc. that is important to you and that you want to be successful• (在公司、计划等中的)重大利益,重大利害关系:
»She has a personal stake in the success of the play. 这出戏成功与否对她个人有重大利害关系。
at stake = in dager
14.sav∙agery
◙noun[U]
• behaviour that is very cruel and violent •残暴行为 【SYN】violence:
»The police were shocked by the savagery of the attacks. 警察对这些惨无人道的袭击感到震惊。
15.ma∙ni∙acal
◙adj.
• wild or violent •狂野的；粗暴的:
»maniacal laughter 狂野的笑声
16.jere∙miad
◙noun • (formal)a very long sad complaint or list of complaints •哀诉；诉求清单
17.ab∙er∙ra∙tion/7AbE5reiFn/
◙noun[C,U]
• (formal) a fact, an action or a way of behaving that is not usual, andthat may be unacceptable •脱离常规；反常现象；异常行为
18.agi∙ta∙tor/5AdViteitE(r)/
◙noun
• (disapproving)a person who tries to persuade people to take part inpolitical protest • (政治上的)煽动者,鼓动者
19.bust
a thing that is not good •蹩脚的东西；没价值的事物:
»As a show it was a bust. 作为一场演出,那可不怎么样。
20.palp∙able
◙adj.
• that is easily noticed by the mind or the senses •易于察觉的；可意识到的；明显的:
»apalpable sense of relief 如释重负
»The tension in the room was almost palpable. 屋子里的紧张气氛几乎能感觉到。
21.apa∙thet∙ic/7ApE5Wetik/
◙adj.
• showing no interest or enthusiasm •冷漠；淡漠；无动于衷:
»The illness made her apathetic and unwilling to meet people. 疾病使她冷漠,不愿见人。
22.acu∙men
◙noun[U]
• the ability to understand and decide things quickly and well •精明；敏锐:
»business / commercial / financial acumen 生意上/商业上/理财精明强干
23.pat∙ron∙age/5pAtrEnidV;5peit-/
◙noun[U]
1. the support, especially financial, that is given to a person or anorganization by a patron •资助；赞助:
»Patronage of the arts comes from businesses and private individuals. 对艺术的资助来自企业和个人。
2. the system by which an important person gives help or a job to sb in returnfor their support • (掌权者给予提挈以换取支持的)互惠互利
3.(especially NAmE)thesupport that a person gives a shop / store, restaurant, etc. by spending moneythere •惠顾；光顾
24.sit∙com(also formal situation'comedy)
◙noun[C,U]
• a regular programme on television that shows the same characters in differentamusing situations •情景喜剧
mock∙ery/5mCkEri; NAmE5mB:k-/
◙noun
1.[U]comments or actions that are intended to make sb / sthseem ridiculous •嘲笑；愚弄
»She couldn't stand any more of their mockery. 她再也无法忍受他们的愚弄了。
to kill a mocking bird
【IDIOMS】
25.◘make a'mockery of sth
• to make sth seem ridiculous or useless取笑；愚弄；嘲笑:
»The trialmade a mockery of justice. 这次审判是对正义的嘲弄。
26.pre∙ten∙tious/pri5tenFEs/
◙adj.
• (disapproving)trying to appear important, intelligent, etc. in orderto impress other people; trying to be sth that you are not, in order to impress •炫耀的；虚夸；自命不凡的:
»It was just an ordinary house—nothing pretentious.那只是一座普通的房子,没有故作特别。
»He's so pretentious!瞧他那副自命不凡的样儿！
27.blare
◙verb
•~ (sth) (out)to make a loud unpleasant noise •发出响亮而刺耳的声音:
▪ [V]
»Music blared out from the open window. 喧闹的音乐从敞开的窗口传出。
▪ [VN]
»The radio was blaring (out) rock music. 收音机在高声播放着嘈杂的摇滚乐
28.exalt∙ed/i^5zC:ltid/
◙adj.
1. (formalorhumorous) of high rank, position or greatimportance •地位高的；高贵的；显赫的:
»She was the only woman to rise to such an exalted position. 她是唯一高升到如此显赫地位的女人。
2. (formal) full of great joy and happiness •兴奋的；兴高采烈的:
»I felt exalted and newly alive. 我感到兴高采烈,充满新的活力。
29.America, an ascendant superpower with its own dark history of oppression, found classical music a useful tool for convincing the world of its cultural prowess.
as∙cend∙ant(alsoas∙cend∙ent) /E5sendEnt/
◙noun
【IDIOMS】
◘in the ascendant
•(formal) being or becoming more powerful or popular
• (权力、影响等)越来越大；日益受欢迎
30.Today, we no longer require classical music to flex soft power. Demonsrate its
advantages
31.A cursory glance at industry reports would show that the market share has hovered
around three per cent since the mid-nineteen-eighties.
32.hover/5hCvE(r); NAmE5hQvEr/
◙verb[V ,usually +adv. / prep.]
1. (of birds,helicopters, etc.鸟、直升机等) to stay in the air in oneplace
•翱翔；盘旋:
»A hawk hovered over the hill.
一只鹰在小山的上空翱翔。
2. (of a person人)to wait somewhere, especially near sb, in a shy or uncertain manner
•踌躇,彷徨(尤指在某人身边):
»He hovered nervously in the doorway.
他在门口紧张地来回踱步。
3.[+adv. / prep.] tostay close to sth, or to stay in an uncertain state
•靠近(某事物)；处于不稳定状态:
»Temperatures hovered around freezing.
气温在冰点上下徘徊。
»He hovered on the edge of consciousness.
他似醒非醒。
»A smile hovered on her lips.
她的嘴上挂着一丝笑容。
33.The doomsayers also like to cherry-pick a few crisis-ridden institutions and use them to generalize about the art form itself.
rid∙den/5ridn/
◙adj.
•(usually in compounds通常构成复合词)fullof a particular unpleasant thing •充满(某种不良事物)的；满是…的:
»a class-ridden society
等级森严的社会
»She was ridden with guilt.
她深感歉疚。
34.it can’t be snuffed out through any combination of bankrupt orchestras and mediocre album sales.
snuff/snQf/
◙verb[VN]
1.~ sth (out)to stop a small flame from burning, especially bypressing it between your fingers or covering it with sth •掐灭,闷熄,熄灭(小火苗) 【SYN】extinguish
snuff sth∽'out
• to stop or destroy sth completely 扼杀；消灭:
»An innocent child's life has been snuffed out by this senseless shooting. 这胡乱一枪就要了一个无辜孩子的命。
37.American classical music launched in earnest on Christmas Day of 1815.
earn∙est
◙adj.
• very serious and sincere •非常认真的；诚实的；真诚的:
»Despite her earnest efforts, she could not find a job. 尽管她已尽心竭力,但是仍然找不到工作。
♦earn∙est∙nessnoun[U]
【IDIOMS】
in'earnest
1. more seriously and with more force or effort than before • (更加)严肃地,认真地,坚定地:
»The workon the house willbegin in earneston Monday. 这栋房子的修建工作将在星期一正式开始。
2. very serious and sincere about what you are saying and about yourintentions; in a way that shows that you are serious •郑重其事；当真:
»I could tell she spoke in earnest. 我看得出她是郑重其事地说的。
突然想到了王尔德的小说the importance of being earnest......
day 21 思维导图
day22 总结反思
这篇文章一开始被安妮老师说的超级害怕，以为里面会包含很多专业的音乐术语。但是在解决一些单词之后，发现文章并没有那么可怕。在读的过程中，我就在想象要是这个Van就在作者面前的话，一定会被作者咄咄逼人的语言和气势压制得一句话也说不出来。里面很多的讽刺和事实举例仿佛一直在啪啪打Van的脸。我印象最深刻的就是作者反驳说classical music is for pretentious snobs的观点部分，最后一句各种例证甩出来，真的是让读者都感到很爽快。
文章结构
这一篇文章的结构很清晰，开头直接提出有人认为classical music is dead的观点，进而据三个例子进行反驳。在第二段中作者表示对古典音乐一直以来的消亡和危机已经习以为常。第三四段中作者反驳到这些外人根本没根没据、不懂艺术的根本，胡乱讽刺挖苦。第五段之后便是每小节一个中心论点，进行反驳与论证。
但是安妮的第二个逻辑思路的问题却难倒了我，我能分辨出每个驳论的要点，但是为什么不把将经济部分的“资金来源”和“市场份额”放在一起，而要分开呢？我起初是觉得可能是逐渐深入的关系，看来看去觉得不太对；又觉得是分为dying和crisis两个方面，但这个区分也不是很明显。所以一直感到一头雾水。
古典音乐
至于古典音乐，我记得安妮发的TED演讲里面，那个演讲者讲到一个失去哥哥的贫苦儿童在听到肖邦的钢琴曲之后也会热泪盈眶。其实每个人都有欣赏音乐的天赋（虽然在这之前我一直觉得自己真的就是音盲），但是我们总是不愿承认、没有认识到。
从个人而言，要学会去欣赏不同种类的音乐吧。如果说“雅俗共赏”是不是又有点偏见？但是就是应该古典音乐和流行音乐一同欣赏吧。但这就涉及到一个问题，如何让普通人都懂得欣赏古典音乐，而不是只有中上层阶级的人才能？或许我们可以在教育课程体系中加入，或许我们可以一点点的去学习，最重要的是能有一些公益讲座让大家意识到这种艺术的重要性，带领大家一起学会欣赏他的美。
对美国的古典音乐如此，那我们中国的自己的传统音乐形式呢？仿佛这些道路都是任重而道远…...
