Spring Cloud OpenFeign 是声明式的服务调用工具,它整合了Ribbon和Hystrix,拥有负载均衡和服务容错功能,本文将对其用法进行详细介绍。
Feign是声明式的服务调用工具,我们只需创建一个接口并用注解的方式来配置它,就可以实现对某个服务接口的调用,简化了直接使用RestTemplate来调用服务接口的开发量。Feign具备可插拔的注解支持,同时支持Feign注解、JAX-RS注解及SpringMvc注解。当使用Feign时,Spring Cloud集成了Ribbon和Eureka以提供负载均衡的服务调用及基于Hystrix的服务容错保护功能。
这里我们创建一个feign-service模块来演示feign的常用功能。
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency>Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
server:
port: 8701
spring:
application:
name: feign-service
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8001/eureka/Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
在启动类上添加@EnableFeignClients注解来启用Feign的客户端功能
@EnableFeignClients@EnableDiscoveryClient@SpringBootApplicationpublicclassFeignServiceApplication{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){SpringApplication.run(FeignServiceApplication.class,args);}}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
添加UserService接口完成对user-service服务的接口绑定
我们通过@FeignClient注解实现了一个Feign客户端,其中的value为user-service表示这是对user-service服务的接口调用客户端。我们可以回想下user-service中的UserController,只需将其改为接口,保留原来的SpringMvc注释即可。
/**
* Created by macro on 2019/9/5.
*/@FeignClient(value="user-service")publicinterfaceUserService{@PostMapping("/user/create")CommonResultcreate(@RequestBodyUseruser);@GetMapping("/user/{id}")CommonResult<User>getUser(@PathVariableLongid);@GetMapping("/user/getByUsername")CommonResult<User>getByUsername(@RequestParamStringusername);@PostMapping("/user/update")CommonResultupdate(@RequestBodyUseruser);@PostMapping("/user/delete/{id}")CommonResultdelete(@PathVariableLongid);}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
添加UserFeignController调用UserService实现服务调用
/**
* Created by macro on 2019/8/29.
*/@RestController@RequestMapping("/user")publicclassUserFeignController{@AutowiredprivateUserServiceuserService;@GetMapping("/{id}")publicCommonResultgetUser(@PathVariableLongid){returnuserService.getUser(id);}@GetMapping("/getByUsername")publicCommonResultgetByUsername(@RequestParamStringusername){returnuserService.getByUsername(username);}@PostMapping("/create")publicCommonResultcreate(@RequestBodyUseruser){returnuserService.create(user);}@PostMapping("/update")publicCommonResultupdate(@RequestBodyUseruser){returnuserService.update(user);}@PostMapping("/delete/{id}")publicCommonResultdelete(@PathVariableLongid){returnuserService.delete(id);}}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
启动eureka-service,两个user-service,feign-service服务,启动后注册中心显示如下:
多次调用http://localhost:8701/user/1进行测试,可以发现运行在8201和8202的user-service服务交替打印如下信息:
2019-10-0415:15:34.829 INFO9236---[nio-8201-exec-5]c.macro.cloud.controller.UserController:根据id获取用户信息,用户名称为:macro2019-10-0415:15:35.492 INFO9236---[io-8201-exec-10]c.macro.cloud.controller.UserController:根据id获取用户信息,用户名称为:macro2019-10-0415:15:35.825 INFO9236---[nio-8201-exec-9]c.macro.cloud.controller.UserController:根据id获取用户信息,用户名称为:macroCopy to clipboardErrorCopied
Feign中的服务降级使用起来非常方便,只需要为Feign客户端定义的接口添加一个服务降级处理的实现类即可,下面我们为UserService接口添加一个服务降级实现类。
需要注意的是它实现了UserService接口,并且对接口中的每个实现方法进行了服务降级逻辑的实现。
/**
* Created by macro on 2019/9/5.
*/@ComponentpublicclassUserFallbackServiceimplementsUserService{@OverridepublicCommonResultcreate(Useruser){UserdefaultUser=newUser(-1L,"defaultUser","123456");returnnewCommonResult<>(defaultUser);}@OverridepublicCommonResult<User>getUser(Longid){UserdefaultUser=newUser(-1L,"defaultUser","123456");returnnewCommonResult<>(defaultUser);}@OverridepublicCommonResult<User>getByUsername(Stringusername){UserdefaultUser=newUser(-1L,"defaultUser","123456");returnnewCommonResult<>(defaultUser);}@OverridepublicCommonResultupdate(Useruser){returnnewCommonResult("调用失败,服务被降级",500);}@OverridepublicCommonResultdelete(Longid){returnnewCommonResult("调用失败,服务被降级",500);}}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
修改UserService接口,设置服务降级处理类为UserFallbackService
修改@FeignClient注解中的参数,设置fallback为UserFallbackService.class即可。
@FeignClient(value="user-service",fallback=UserFallbackService.class)publicinterfaceUserService{}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true #在Feign中开启HystrixCopy to clipboardErrorCopied
关闭两个user-service服务,重新启动feign-service;
调用http://localhost:8701/user/1进行测试,可以发现返回了服务降级信息。
Feign提供了日志打印功能,我们可以通过配置来调整日志级别,从而了解Feign中Http请求的细节。
NONE:默认的,不显示任何日志;
BASIC:仅记录请求方法、URL、响应状态码及执行时间;
HEADERS:除了BASIC中定义的信息之外,还有请求和响应的头信息;
FULL:除了HEADERS中定义的信息之外,还有请求和响应的正文及元数据。
我们通过java配置来使Feign打印最详细的Http请求日志信息。
/**
* Created by macro on 2019/9/5.
*/@ConfigurationpublicclassFeignConfig{@BeanLogger.LevelfeignLoggerLevel(){returnLogger.Level.FULL;}}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
在application.yml中配置需要开启日志的Feign客户端
配置UserService的日志级别为debug。
logging:
level:
com.macro.cloud.service.UserService: debugCopy to clipboardErrorCopied
调用http://localhost:8701/user/1进行测试,可以看到以下日志。
2019-10-0415:44:03.248 DEBUG5204---[-user-service-2]com.macro.cloud.service.UserService:[UserService#getUser] ---> GET http://user-service/user/1 HTTP/1.12019-10-0415:44:03.248 DEBUG5204---[-user-service-2]com.macro.cloud.service.UserService:[UserService#getUser] ---> END HTTP (0-byte body)2019-10-0415:44:03.257 DEBUG5204---[-user-service-2]com.macro.cloud.service.UserService:[UserService#getUser] <--- HTTP/1.1 200 (9ms)2019-10-0415:44:03.257 DEBUG5204---[-user-service-2]com.macro.cloud.service.UserService:[UserService#getUser] content-type: application/json;charset=UTF-82019-10-0415:44:03.258 DEBUG5204---[-user-service-2]com.macro.cloud.service.UserService:[UserService#getUser] date: Fri, 04 Oct 2019 07:44:03 GMT2019-10-0415:44:03.258 DEBUG5204---[-user-service-2]com.macro.cloud.service.UserService:[UserService#getUser] transfer-encoding: chunked2019-10-0415:44:03.258 DEBUG5204---[-user-service-2]com.macro.cloud.service.UserService:[UserService#getUser] 2019-10-0415:44:03.258 DEBUG5204---[-user-service-2]com.macro.cloud.service.UserService:[UserService#getUser] {"data":{"id":1,"username":"macro","password":"123456"},"message":"操作成功","code":200}2019-10-0415:44:03.258 DEBUG5204---[-user-service-2]com.macro.cloud.service.UserService:[UserService#getUser] <--- END HTTP (92-byte body)Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true #在Feign中开启Hystrix
compression:
request:
enabled: false #是否对请求进行GZIP压缩
mime-types: text/xml,application/xml,application/json #指定压缩的请求数据类型
min-request-size: 2048 #超过该大小的请求会被压缩
response:
enabled: false #是否对响应进行GZIP压缩
logging:
level: #修改日志级别
com.macro.cloud.service.UserService: debugCopy to clipboardErrorCopied
在Feign中配置Ribbon可以直接使用Ribbon的配置,具体可以参考Spring Cloud Ribbon:负载均衡的服务调用。
在Feign中配置Hystrix可以直接使用Hystrix的配置,具体可以参考Spring Cloud Hystrix:服务容错保护。
springcloud-learning
├── eureka-server -- eureka注册中心
├── user-service -- 提供User对象CRUD接口的服务
└── feign-service -- feign服务调用测试服务