由于iOS无法通过html表单来上传图片,因此想要上传图片,必须实现http请求,而不能像其他语言那样通过html表单的post就能上传。
上传图片的http post请求的格式是这样的:
Content-type: multipart/form-data, boundary=AaB03x
--AaB03x
content-disposition: form-data; name="field1"
Hello Boris!
--AaB03x
content-disposition: form-data; name="pic"; filename="boris.png"
Content-Type: image/png
... contents of boris.png ...
--AaB03x--
第一行是指定了http post请求的编码方式为multipart/form-data(上传文件必须用这个)。
boundary=AaB03x说明了AaB03x为分界线。比如 --AaB03x 就是一个分界线的意思
content-disposition: form-data; name="field1"
Hello Boris!
这句话声明了请求中的一个字段的名称,如field1 以及字段的值,如Hello Boris!这里类似form表单中的中间的空行是必须的。
不同的字段之间用分界线分开,分界线需要单独一行,如 --AaB03x--
分界线的下一行,是下一个字段
content-disposition: form-data; name="pic"; filename="boris.png"
Content-Type: image/png
... contents of boris.png ...
--AaB03x--
这里声明了变量pic,也就是我们要传的文件,上传文件的时候需要在后边指定file name:filename="boris.png"
并且需要在下一行指定文件的格式:Content-Type: image/png
.. contents of boris.png ... 这里是boris.png的二进制内容,如 <89504e47 0d0a1a0a 0000000d 49484452 000000b4 000000b4 08020000 00b2af91 65000020 00494441 5478012c dd79b724 6b7616f6 8c888c88 8c9c8733 55ddb1d5 6a0db486 06218401 ......
在http post请求的结尾,需要有一个分界线,但是是前后都有--的:--AaB03x--
以上的这些格式,是http的规范,每个空行,空格都是必须的。
下边是iOS的实现代码:
//分界线的标识符
NSString *TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY = @"AaB03x";
//根据url初始化request
NSMutableURLRequest* request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url]
cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData
timeoutInterval:10];
//分界线 --AaB03x
NSString *MPboundary=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"--%@",TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY];
//结束符 AaB03x--
NSString *endMPboundary=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"%@--",MPboundary];
//要上传的图片
UIImage *image=[params objectForKey:@"pic"];
//得到图片的data
NSData* data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
//http body的字符串
NSMutableString *body=[[NSMutableString alloc]init];
//参数的集合的所有key的集合
NSArray *keys= [params allKeys];
//遍历keys
for(int i=0;i<[keys count];i++)
{
//得到当前key
NSString *key=[keys objectAtIndex:i];
//如果key不是pic,说明value是字符类型,比如name:Boris
if(![key isEqualToString:@"pic"])
{
//添加分界线,换行
[body appendFormat:@"%@\r\n",MPboundary];
//添加字段名称,换2行
[body appendFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%@\"\r\n\r\n",key];
//添加字段的值
[body appendFormat:@"%@\r\n",[params objectForKey:key]];
}
}
////添加分界线,换行
[body appendFormat:@"%@\r\n",MPboundary];
//声明pic字段,文件名为boris.png
[body appendFormat:@"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"pic\"; filename=\"boris.png\"\r\n"];
//声明上传文件的格式
[body appendFormat:@"Content-Type: image/png\r\n\r\n"];
//声明结束符:--AaB03x--
NSString *end=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"\r\n%@",endMPboundary];
//声明myRequestData,用来放入http body
NSMutableData *myRequestData=[NSMutableData data];
//将body字符串转化为UTF8格式的二进制
[myRequestData appendData:[body dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
//将image的data加入
[myRequestData appendData:data];
//加入结束符--AaB03x--
[myRequestData appendData:[end dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
//设置HTTPHeader中Content-Type的值
NSString *content=[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"multipart/form-data; boundary=%@",TWITTERFON_FORM_BOUNDARY];
//设置HTTPHeader
[request setValue:content forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
//设置Content-Length
[request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", [myRequestData length]] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];
//设置http body
[request setHTTPBody:myRequestData];
//http method
[request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
//建立连接,设置代理
NSURLConnection *conn = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self];
//设置接受response的data
if (conn) {
mResponseData = [[NSMutableData data] retain];
}
以上是直接方式向服务器中发送照片
接下来是通过afn方式上传照片
// 上传图片
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
// 回复请求序列化, 不写不会走成功的回调
manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
// 上传图片路径
NSString *urlString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@UIController/upload.json?modelForder=iOSAppImage", InterfacePublicStr];
[manager POST:urlString parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id_Nonnull formData) {
//校正上传服务器照片的方向
UIImage * newImage = [self fixOrientation:image];
// 图片转换成NSData型
NSData *fileData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(newImage, 0.3);
// 服务器对应的名字
NSString *file = @"file";
// 在网络开发中,上传文件时,是文件不允许被覆盖,文件重名
// 要解决此问题,
// 可以在上传时使用当前的系统事件作为文件名
// 本机生成的图片文件名
//该过程中获取的GUID是一种由算法生成的二进制长度为128位的数字标识符,也算是一种随机数,给用来给照片起名字用的,为了让图片的名字不重复
NSString *filename = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@", [RequestPostUploadHelper generateUuidString], @".jpg"];
// 图片类型
NSString *mineType = @"image/jpeg";
// 图片上传到服务器
appendPartWithFileData 1. 要上传的[二进制数据]
name 2. 对应网站上[upload.php中]处理文件的[字段"file"]/后台给的该照片在服务器中对应的的字段名字
fileName 3. 要保存在服务器上的[文件名]
mimeType 4. 上传文件的[mimeType]
[formData appendPartWithFileData:fileData name:file fileName:filename mimeType:mineType];
} progress:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
// 返回的NSData转换成字典
NSDictionary *jsonDict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:responseObject options:NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves error:nil];
[MBProgressHUD hideHUD];
if ([[jsonDict allKeys] containsObject:@"opfileupload"])
{
[MBProgressHUD showSuccess:@"上传成功!"];
}
else
{
[MBProgressHUD showError:@"上传失败!"];
}
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
[MBProgressHUD hideHUD];
[MBProgressHUD showError:@"由于网络原因, 上传失败!"];
}];
//获取GUID的方法
/**
* 生成GUID
*/
+ (NSString *)generateUuidString{
// create a new UUID which you own
CFUUIDRef uuid = CFUUIDCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault);
//NSString *uuidString = (NSString *)CFUUIDCreateString(kCFAllocatorDefault, uuid);
NSString *uuidString = (NSString *)CFBridgingRelease(CFUUIDCreateString(kCFAllocatorDefault, uuid));
CFRelease(uuid);
return uuidString;
}
//让图片的方向始终为竖着的方法
-(UIImage *)fixOrientation:(UIImage *)aImage {
if (aImage.imageOrientation == UIImageOrientationUp)
return aImage;
CGAffineTransform transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
switch (aImage.imageOrientation) {
case UIImageOrientationDown:
case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transform, aImage.size.width, aImage.size.height);
transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(transform, M_PI);
break;
case UIImageOrientationLeft:
case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transform, aImage.size.width, 0);
transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(transform, M_PI_2);
break;
case UIImageOrientationRight:
case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transform, 0, aImage.size.height);
transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(transform, -M_PI_2);
break;
default:
break;
}
switch (aImage.imageOrientation) {
case UIImageOrientationUpMirrored:
case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transform, aImage.size.width, 0);
transform = CGAffineTransformScale(transform, -1, 1);
break;
case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transform, aImage.size.height, 0);
transform = CGAffineTransformScale(transform, -1, 1);
break;
default:
break;
}
CGContextRef ctx = CGBitmapContextCreate(NULL, aImage.size.width, aImage.size.height,
CGImageGetBitsPerComponent(aImage.CGImage), 0,
CGImageGetColorSpace(aImage.CGImage),
CGImageGetBitmapInfo(aImage.CGImage));
CGContextConcatCTM(ctx, transform);
switch (aImage.imageOrientation) {
case UIImageOrientationLeft:
case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
case UIImageOrientationRight:
case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
// Grr...
CGContextDrawImage(ctx, CGRectMake(0,0,aImage.size.height,aImage.size.width), aImage.CGImage);
break;
default:
CGContextDrawImage(ctx, CGRectMake(0,0,aImage.size.width,aImage.size.height), aImage.CGImage);
break;
}
CGImageRef cgimg = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(ctx);
UIImage *img = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:cgimg];
CGContextRelease(ctx);
CGImageRelease(cgimg);
return img;
}