1. XML注入方式
其逻辑就是用XML形式可以在配置文件中,配置我们自己写的类和外部库的类,Spring通过反射可以把这些类都创建出来,并由Spring管理,在你需要的时候给你。
步骤
1.在applicationContext.xml文件中配置bean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example.demo"></context:component-scan>
<bean id="redSox" class="com.example.demo.entity.RedSox"></bean>
<bean id="cubs" class="com.example.demo.entity.Cubs"></bean>
<bean id="game" class="com.example.demo.entity.BaseBallGame">
<property name="awayTeam" ref="redSox"></property>
<property name="homeTeam" ref="cubs"></property>
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"/>
</beans>
2.在Java类中添加类的get/set方法——set注入
public interface Team {
String getName();
}
public class RedSox implements Team {
@Override
public String getName() {
return "Boston red sox";
}
}
public class Royals implements Team {
@Override
public String getName() {
return "Kansas City Royals";
}
}
public class Cubs implements Team {
@Override
public String getName() {
return "Chicago Cubs";
}
}
public interface Game{
void setHomeTeam(Team team);
Team getHomeTeam();
void setAwayTeam(Team team);
Team getAwayTeam();
String playGame();
}
public class BaseBallGame implements Game {
private Team homeTeam;
private Team awayTeam;
private DataSource dataSource;
public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
this.dataSource = dataSource;
}
public BaseBallGame(Team homeTeam, Team awayTeam) {
this.homeTeam = homeTeam;
this.awayTeam = awayTeam;
}
public BaseBallGame() {
}
@Override
public Team getHomeTeam() {
return homeTeam;
}
@Override
public void setHomeTeam(Team homeTeam) {
this.homeTeam = homeTeam;
}
@Override
public Team getAwayTeam() {
return awayTeam;
}
@Override
public void setAwayTeam(Team awayTeam) {
this.awayTeam = awayTeam;
}
@Override
public String playGame(){
return Math.random()<0.5? getHomeTeam().getName():getAwayTeam().getName();
}
}
3.加载配置文件,获取bean
public class RunDemoInSpringWay {
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Game game = context.getBean("game",Game.class);
System.out.print(game.playGame());
System.out.println(context.getBeanDefinitionCount());
for (String string : context.getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
System.out.println(string);
}
}
}
输出:
参考代码:
2. Spring bean注解注入机制Demo:
2.1 @Configuration @Bean
- @Configuration标注在类上,相当于把该类作为spring的xml配置文件中的<beans>,作用为:配置spring容器(应用上下文)
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.example.demo")
public class AppConfig {
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
@Resource
private Team redSox;
@Resource
private Team cubs;
@Bean
public Game game(){
BaseBallGame baseBallGame = new BaseBallGame(redSox, cubs);
baseBallGame.setDs(dataSource);
return baseBallGame;
}
}
- @Bean标注在方法上(返回某个实例的方法),等价于spring的xml配置文件中的<bean>,作用为:注册bean对象
bean类:
public interface Team {
String getName();
}
@Component
public class Royals implements Team {
@Override
public String getName() {
return "Kansas City Royals";
}
}
@Component
public class RedSox implements Team {
@Override
public String getName() {
return "Boston red sox";
}
}
@Component
public class Cubs implements Team {
@Override
public String getName() {
return "Chicago Cubs";
}
}
public interface Game{
void setHomeTeam(Team team);
Team getHomeTeam();
void setAwayTeam(Team team);
Team getAwayTeam();
String playGame();
}
@Component
public class BaseBallGame implements Game {
private Team homeTeam;
private Team awayTeam;
private DataSource ds;
public void setDs(DataSource ds) {
this.ds = ds;
}
public BaseBallGame(Team homeTeam, Team awayTeam) {
this.homeTeam = homeTeam;
this.awayTeam = awayTeam;
}
public BaseBallGame() {
}
@Override
public Team getHomeTeam() {
return homeTeam;
}
@Override
public void setHomeTeam(Team homeTeam) {
this.homeTeam = homeTeam;
}
@Override
public Team getAwayTeam() {
return awayTeam;
}
@Override
public void setAwayTeam(Team awayTeam) {
this.awayTeam = awayTeam;
}
@Override
public String playGame(){
return Math.random()<0.5? getHomeTeam().getName():getAwayTeam().getName();
}
}
2.2 装配的两种方式
- 1.@Autowired @Qualifier
@Autowired默认按类型装配(byType),默认情况下必须要求依赖对象必须存在,如果要允许null值,可以设置它的required属性为false,如:@Autowired(required=false)
,如果我们想使用名称装配可以结合@Qualifier
注解进行使用,如下:
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.example.demo")
public class AppConfig {
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
@Autowired @Qualifier("redSox")
private Team home;
@Autowired @Qualifier("cubs")
private Team away;
@Bean
public Game game(){
BaseBallGame baseBallGame = new BaseBallGame(home, away);
baseBallGame.setDs(dataSource);
return baseBallGame;
}
}
- @Resource
@Resource 默认按照名称进行装配(byName),名称可以通过name属性进行指定,如果没有指定name属性,当注解写在字段上时,默认取字段名,按照名称查找,如果注解写在setter方法上默认取属性名进行装配。当找不到与名称匹配的bean时才按照类型进行装配。但是需要注意的是,如果name属性一旦指定,就只会按照名称进行装配。
- @Resource
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.example.demo")
public class AppConfig {
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
@Resource
private Team redSox;
@Resource
private Team cubs;
@Bean
public Game game(){
BaseBallGame baseBallGame = new BaseBallGame(redSox, cubs);
baseBallGame.setDs(dataSource);
return baseBallGame;
}
}
2.3 主方法测试类:
利用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext加载配置类。
public class RunDemoInSpringWay {
public static void main(String[] args){
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
Game game = context.getBean("game",Game.class);
System.out.print(game.playGame());
System.out.println(context.getBeanDefinitionCount());
for (String string : context.getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
System.out.println(string);
}
}
}
输出:
参考代码: