Spring web容器
Spring MVC项目启动时会有两个ApplicationContext容器,Root ApplicationContext用于管理Service层及以下层的bean,而dispacherServlet ApplicationContext用于管理Controller层的bean。
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>应用名称</display-name>
<!-- 用于spring容器初始化时读取配置 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:META-INF/spring/applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 创建Spring容器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- SpringMVC前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 用于spring 控制器容器配置 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>WEB-INF/spring/webmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>
org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
解析:
web.xml中注册了ContextLoaderListener实现了 ServletContextListener
ServletContextListener接口有如下方法,会在servlet容器初始化和销毁的时候回调
public interface ServletContextListener extends EventListener {
void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent var1);
void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent var1);
}
监听器会在servlet容器启动和销毁时回调以上两个方法。
ContextLoaderListener就是在contextInitialized方法中创建、初始化Root ApplicationContext的。
1.Root ApplicationContext容器启动
(1)ContextLoaderListener 方式:
继承了ContextLoader
servlet容器如tomcat启动时回调contextInitialized()
ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(event)
ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(sc)// 从web.xml中获取contextClass参数(上文的AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext),找到相应类,实例化,并设置其ServletContext
由此创建了 Root WebApplicationContext。
(2)WebApplicationInitializer方式:
实现WebApplicationInitializer
public class MyWebApplicationInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletCxt) {
// 创建AC并加载配置
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
ac.register(AppConfig.class);
ac.refresh();//abstractRefrshAC 创建BeanFactory并创建Bean和装配
// 创建 DispatcherServlet 并注册
DispatcherServlet servlet = new DispatcherServlet(ac);
ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletCxt.addServlet("app", servlet);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
registration.addMapping("/app/*");
// Servlet容器启动的时候会初始化DispatcherServlet.init会启动子AC
}
}
启动流程:
StandardContext是tomcat的容器组件,是servlet容器,在tomcat启动时会顶级容器Server会掌管子容器的生命周期,层层启动,Servlet 3.0规范在StandardContext.startInternal()时会查找启动Spring相关的,如下调用关系:
StandardContext.startInternal()
// servlet 3.0容器 容器启动时会查找ServletContainerInitializer这个接口的实现类启动
SpringServletContainerInitializeron.Startup()
// 实现ServletContainerInitializer,会查找WebApplicationInitializer实现类
XXWebApplicationInitializer.Startup()
2.DispatcherServlet实例化+初始化
DispatcherServlet由tomcat时启动容器管理其生命周期调用init()方法初始化
继承FrameworkServlet,FrameworkServlet继承ServletBean
DispatcherServlet.init() //继承自祖父HttpServletBean
FrameworkServlet.initServletBean()
FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext()
FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext()//创建AC并设置parent
FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext()
wac.refresh();
DispatcherServlet.onRefresh(webac)
DispatcherServlet.initMultipartResolver(context);
DispatcherServlet.initLocaleResolver(context);
DispatcherServlet.initThemeResolver(context);
DispatcherServlet.initHandlerMappings(context);
DispatcherServlet.initHandlerAdapters(context);
DispatcherServlet.initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
DispatcherServlet.initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
DispatcherServlet.initViewResolvers(context);
DispatcherServlet.initFlashMapManager(context);
如此创建好了
4.为什么要有两个ApplicationContext
(1)隔离 由于管理Controller层的子AC可以委托双亲 ApplicationContext去查找bean,所以Root ApplicationContext容器中的Bean是共享的,而子AC中的Bean却不能被管理下层Service层和DAO层的Root Application获取,从而达到上层依赖下层的纯粹性。