基本操作介绍：
持久化：cache、persist
创建临时视图：createTempView、createOrReplaceTempView
获取执行计划：explain
查看schema：printSchema
写数据到外部存储：write
dataset与dataframe互相转换：as、toDF

基本操作实践

package session

import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession

object BasicOperation {
  case class Employee(name: String, age: Long, depId: Long, gender: String, salary: Long)
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val spark = SparkSession
      .builder()
      .appName(BasicOperation.getClass.getName)
      .master("local")
      .config("spark.sql.warehouse.dir","d:/spark-warehouse")
      .getOrCreate()
    import spark.implicits._
    val employee = spark.read.json("data\\depart\\employee.json")
    employee.cache()
    employee.createOrReplaceTempView("employee")
    spark.sql("select * from employee where age > 30").show()
    employee.printSchema()
    val employeeWithAgeGreaterThen30DF = spark.sql("select * from employee where age > 30")
    employeeWithAgeGreaterThen30DF.write.json("d:/writetest.json")
    val employeeDS = employee.as[Employee]
    employeeDS.show()
    employeeDS.printSchema()
    val employeeDF = employeeDS.toDF()
  }
}

运行结果

输出1：
+---+-----+------+----+------+
|age|depId|gender|name|salary|
+---+-----+------+----+------+
| 35|    1|  male|Jack| 15000|
| 42|    3|  male| Tom| 18000|
+---+-----+------+----+------+
输出2：
root
 |-- age: long (nullable = true)
 |-- depId: long (nullable = true)
 |-- gender: string (nullable = true)
 |-- name: string (nullable = true)
 |-- salary: long (nullable = true)
输出3：
+---+-----+------+------+------+
|age|depId|gender|  name|salary|
+---+-----+------+------+------+
| 25|    1|  male|   Leo| 20000|
| 30|    2|female| Marry| 25000|
| 35|    1|  male|  Jack| 15000|
| 42|    3|  male|   Tom| 18000|
| 21|    3|female|Kattie| 21000|
| 30|    2|female|   Jen| 28000|
| 19|    2|female|   Jen|  8000|
+---+-----+------+------+------+
输出4：
root
 |-- age: long (nullable = true)
 |-- depId: long (nullable = true)
 |-- gender: string (nullable = true)
 |-- name: string (nullable = true)
 |-- salary: long (nullable = true)

检查本地写入目录：