一、实现远程执行
此程序的目的是执行远程机器上的Shell脚本。
【环境参数】
远程机器IP:192.168.243.21
用户名:user
密码:password
命令:python /data/applogs/bd-job/jobhandler/gluesource/employee.py
【具体步骤】
1、导入需要依赖的jar包。
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.ethz.ganymed</groupId>
<artifactId>ganymed-ssh2</artifactId>
<version>262</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
2、编写RemoteShellExecutor工具类。
package com.vicente.vicenteboot.test;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import ch.ethz.ssh2.ChannelCondition;
import ch.ethz.ssh2.Connection;
import ch.ethz.ssh2.Session;
import ch.ethz.ssh2.StreamGobbler;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
public class RemoteShellExecutor {
private Connection conn;
/** 远程机器IP */
private String ip;
/** 用户名 */
private String osUsername;
/** 密码 */
private String password;
private String charset = Charset.defaultCharset().toString();
private static final int TIME_OUT = 1000 * 5 * 60;
public RemoteShellExecutor(String ip, String usr, String pasword) {
this.ip = ip;
this.osUsername = usr;
this.password = pasword;
}
/**
* 登录
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
private boolean login() throws IOException {
conn = new Connection(ip);
conn.connect();
return conn.authenticateWithPassword(osUsername, password);
}
/**
* 执行脚本
*
* @param cmds
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public int exec(String cmds) throws Exception {
InputStream stdOut = null;
InputStream stdErr = null;
String outStr = "";
String outErr = "";
int ret = -1;
try {
if (login()) {
// Open a new {@link Session} on this connection
Session session = conn.openSession();
// Execute a command on the remote machine.
session.execCommand(cmds);
stdOut = new StreamGobbler(session.getStdout());
outStr = processStream(stdOut, charset);
stdErr = new StreamGobbler(session.getStderr());
outErr = processStream(stdErr, charset);
session.waitForCondition(ChannelCondition.EXIT_STATUS, TIME_OUT);
System.out.println("outStr=" + outStr);
System.out.println("outErr=" + outErr);
ret = session.getExitStatus();
} else {
throw new Exception("登录远程机器失败" + ip); // 自定义异常类 实现略
}
} finally {
if (conn != null) {
conn.close();
}
IOUtils.closeQuietly(stdOut);
IOUtils.closeQuietly(stdErr);
}
return ret;
}
private String processStream(InputStream in, String charset) throws Exception {
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while (in.read(buf) != -1) {
sb.append(new String(buf, charset));
}
return sb.toString();
}
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
RemoteShellExecutor executor = new RemoteShellExecutor("192.168.243.21", "user", "password");
// 执行myTest.sh 参数为java Know dummy
System.out.println(executor.exec2("python /data/bluemoon/kettle/runScript/ods/fact_org_employee.py "));
}
}
3、运行结果
备份数据成功。
4、说明:
getExitStatus方法的返回值
注:一般情况下shell脚本正常执行完毕,getExitStatus方法返回0。
此方法通过远程命令取得Exit Code/status。但并不是每个server设计时都会返回这个值,如果没有则会返回null。
二、ganymed-ssh讲解:
- Jar包:ganymed-ssh2-build210.jar
- 步骤:
a) 连接:
Connection conn = new Connection(ipAddr);
conn.connect();
b)认证:
boolean authenticateVal = conn.authenticateWithPassword(userName, password);
c) 打开一个Session:
if(authenticateVal)
Session session = conn.openSession();
d) 执行Shell命令:
1)若是执行简单的Shell命令:(如 jps 、last 这样的命令 )
session.execCommand(cmd);
2) 遇到问题:
用方法execCommand执行Shell命令的时候,会遇到获取不全环境变量的问题,
比如执行 hadoop fs -ls 可能会报找不到hadoop 命令的异常
试着用execCommand执行打印环境变量信息的时候,输出的环境变量不完整
与Linux主机建立连接的时候会默认读取环境变量等信息
可能是因为session刚刚建立还没有读取完默认信息的时候,execCommand就执行了Shell命令
解决:
所以换了另外一种方式来执行Shell命令:
// 建立虚拟终端
session.requestPTY("bash");
// 打开一个Shell
session.startShell();
// 准备输入命令
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(session.getStdin());
// 输入待执行命令
out.println(cmd);
out.println("exit")
// 6. 关闭输入流
out.close();
// 7. 等待,除非1.连接关闭;2.输出数据传送完毕;3.进程状态为退出;4.超时
session.waitForCondition(ChannelCondition.CLOSED | ChannelCondition.EOF | ChannelCondition.EXIT_STATUS , 30000);
用这种方式执行Shell命令,会避免环境变量读取不全的问题,第7步里有许多标识可以用,比如当exit命令执行后或者超过了timeout时间,则session关闭
这里需要注意,当一个Shell命令执行时间过长时,会遇到ssh连接超时的问题,
解决办法:
1. 之前通过把Linux主机的sshd_config的参数ClientAliveInterval设为60,同时将第7步中timeout时间设置很大,来保证命令执行完毕,
因为是执行Mahout中一个聚类算法,耗时最少7、8分钟,数据量大的话,需要几个小时。
2. 后来将命令改成了nohup的方式执行,nohup hadoop jar .... >> XXX.log && touch XXX.log.end &
这种方式是提交到后台执行,即使当前连接断开也会继续执行,把命令的输出结果写入日志,如果hadoop命令执行成功,则生成.end文件
获取文件的方法 ganymed-ssh2-build210.jar 也提供了,如下
SCPClient scpClient = con.createSCPClient();
scpClient.get("remoteFiles","localDirectory"); //从远程获取文件
e) 获取Shell命令执行结果:
InputStream stderr = new StreamGobbler(session.getStderr());
InputStream in = new StreamGobbler(session.getStdout());
获取流中的数据:
private String processStdErr(InputStream in, String charset)
throws IOException {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, charset));
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
if (in.available() != 0) {
while (true) {
String line = br.readLine();
if (line == null)
break;
sb.append(line).append(System.getProperty("line.separator"));
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
三、使用实
1、使用session.execCommand(cmds);来执行命令会出现一个问题,就是还没有加载完成服务器的环境变量就开始执行命令了
这导致了很多情况是找不到命令,解决的办法就是:
/**
* 执行脚本
*
* @param cmds
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public int exec2(String cmds) throws Exception {
InputStream stdOut = null;
InputStream stdErr = null;
String outStr = "";
String outErr = "";
int ret = -1;
try {
if (login()) {
Session session = conn.openSession();
// 建立虚拟终端
session.requestPTY("bash");
// 打开一个Shell
session.startShell();
stdOut = new StreamGobbler(session.getStdout());
stdErr = new StreamGobbler(session.getStderr());
BufferedReader stdoutReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stdOut));
BufferedReader stderrReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stdErr));
// 准备输入命令
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(session.getStdin());
// 输入待执行命令
out.println(cmds);
out.println("exit");
// 6. 关闭输入流
out.close();
// 7. 等待,除非1.连接关闭;2.输出数据传送完毕;3.进程状态为退出;4.超时
session.waitForCondition(ChannelCondition.CLOSED | ChannelCondition.EOF | ChannelCondition.EXIT_STATUS , 30000);
System.out.println("Here is the output from stdout:");
while (true)
{
String line = stdoutReader.readLine();
if (line == null)
break;
System.out.println(line);
}
System.out.println("Here is the output from stderr:");
while (true)
{
String line = stderrReader.readLine();
if (line == null)
break;
System.out.println(line);
}
/* Show exit status, if available (otherwise "null") */
System.out.println("ExitCode: " + session.getExitStatus());
ret = session.getExitStatus();
session.close();/* Close this session */
conn.close();/* Close the connection */
} else {
throw new Exception("登录远程机器失败" + ip); // 自定义异常类 实现略
}
} finally {
if (conn != null) {
conn.close();
}
IOUtils.closeQuietly(stdOut);
IOUtils.closeQuietly(stdErr);
}
return ret;
}
2、scp复制一个文件到服务器上
/**
* 远程传输单个文件
*
* @param localFile
* @param remoteTargetDirectory
* @throws IOException
*/
public void transferFile(String localFile, String remoteTargetDirectory) throws IOException {
File file = new File(localFile);
if (file.isDirectory()) {
throw new RuntimeException(localFile + " is not a file");
}
String fileName = file.getName();
execCommand("mkdir -p " + remoteTargetDirectory);
SCPClient sCPClient = connection.createSCPClient();
SCPOutputStream scpOutputStream = sCPClient.put(fileName, file.length(), remoteTargetDirectory, "0600");
String content = IOUtils.toString(new FileInputStream(file),StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
scpOutputStream.write(content.getBytes());
scpOutputStream.flush();
scpOutputStream.close();
}
/**
* 传输整个目录
*
* @param localDirectory
* @param remoteTargetDirectory
* @throws IOException
*/
public void transferDirectory(String localDirectory, String remoteTargetDirectory) throws IOException {
File dir = new File(localDirectory);
if (!dir.isDirectory()) {
throw new RuntimeException(localDirectory + " is not directory");
}
String[] files = dir.list();
for (String file : files) {
if (file.startsWith(".")) {
continue;
}
String fullName = localDirectory + "/" + file;
if (new File(fullName).isDirectory()) {
String rdir = remoteTargetDirectory + "/" + file;
execCommand("mkdir -p " + remoteTargetDirectory + "/" + file);
transferDirectory(fullName, rdir);
} else {
transferFile(fullName, remoteTargetDirectory);
}
}
}
使用:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
SSHAgent sshAgent = new SSHAgent();
sshAgent.initSession("192.168.243.21", "user", "password#");
sshAgent.transferFile("C:\\data\\applogs\\bd-job\\jobhandler\\2020-03-07\\483577870267060231.log","/data/applogs/bd-job/jobhandler/2018-09-13");
sshAgent.close();
}