这是YouTube上的一个演讲总结，主题为“study less study smart”让你花费更少的时间，反而取得更好的学习成效。

《Study Less Study Smart A 6 minutes Summary of Marty Lobdell's Lecture》

If you've spend any time at all on YouTube looking for study advice,then you've probably come across(偶然发现，对...有印象) this video called Study Less, Study Smart.

如果你曾有花过时间在YouTube上找学习建议，你很有可能会看到过这个视频叫做学的少学得好。

This is a recorded lecture (演讲记录)from Professor Dr.Marty Lobdell who is a former psychology prefessor  at Pierece College(皮尔斯学院) and wanted to give his thoughts on how to be an effective student.

这是Lobdell教授的一个演讲记录，他以前是皮尔斯学院的心理学教授，想就如何成为有效率的学生给出自己的一些看法。

The video came out (出版)when I was a sophomore in college,and I wanted to watch it,but the problem was,it was an entire hour long.I could just never make the time(抽出时间).I've seen a lot of students say the exact same thing about the video,so what I want to do with this video is try to give you about 80-90% of the value packed within the lecture in about 1/10th of the time.To do that ,I first watched the lecture myself,and took detailed(详尽的仔细的) notes on it.If you want those notes ,I've actually included them at the end of this video.But frist,Let's get into the tips.

这个视频出版的时候我当时是个大学二年级的学生，我也想看来着，但问题是，它有整整一个小时那么长，我实在没抽出来时间。我看好多学生都在说同样的东西关于这个视频的，所以我想做的事就是给大家把80-90%这个视频里的干货打包成原时长的十分之一。为了做这个，我首先自己看了这个讲座然后做了详细的笔记。如果你想要这些笔记，的确我这个视频结尾有包含到。但是首先我们先来看下这些小窍门。

Tip number 1 is 'To break your studying into chunked(分块的)sessions(一段时间)'.The reason for this is that the average student can only really pay attention for about 25-30minutes.This goes across the board from lectures,to reading,to studying.After about 25-30minutes,your efficiency starts to really taper off(越来越少)，and that's why the advice to simply study more is not effective at all.

第一个小窍门是“把你的学习分成块状时间段”。理由是一般学生都只能集中25-30分钟的注意力。25-30分钟过后你的效率确实会越来越低，逐步递减，这也是为什么那种建议你单纯的多多学习其实根本没什么用。

Instead,you want to break your study sessions into about 20-30minute chunks,and after those are done,take 5minutes breaks where you do sth. fun,or at least away from your studies.Also,once your study sessions are done for the entire day,you want to give yourself a real,tangible(实际的，可感知的，有形的)reward for doing it.As Dr.Lobdell says in the lecture,reinforcement(巩固，增援，补给)of positive thing builds good study habits,and as an added benefit,you're training yourself to study.As you keep doing this,you're going to able to study for longer and longer on each session.

相反的，你要把你的学习时段破成大概20-30分钟的组块，这些做完之后，花5分钟休息去做点好玩的事，或者至少远离你的学习。以及，一旦你完成了一整天的学习时段，你要给自己一个真实的，实际可感的奖赏，为你做到的这些。就像Lobdell博士在讲座中说的，积极的增援补给监理好的学习习惯，还有作为额外的益处，你是在训练你自己去学习。如果你坚持这么做，你将可以使你的每个学习时段变得越来越长。

Tip number 2 is to create a dedicated (专用的，专注的) study area.The reason for this is that our environment,the context(背景，环境)that we're in,largely determines our behavior.

第二，创建一个专用的学习区域。原因在于，我们所身处的环境，背景，很大程度上决定了我们的行为。

Think about when you're in class,when the professor presents(提出)a question to the entire class,you instinctively(本能的)raise your hand.But if he asks you specifically(明确地),you're going to give a verbal (言语上的，口头的)responsr.This is automatic(必然的自然发生的).You're conditioned(训练，使习惯于...的)to do it .Well,your studying area is the exact same.If you do it in a place you're conditioned to do other things,like sleep or play video games,or hang out with friends,it's going to be really hard to get into your studing.What you want to do is find an area that is specifically used for studying,so the context of the situation(情境)make it easy for you to get into your studies.

想想当你在课堂上的时候，当教授对整个教堂提出一个问题，你本能的会举手，但如果他明确地点你来回答了，你就会给出口头上的答复。这是自然而然的。你已受过训练习惯上这样做了。所以你的学习领域也完全是一样的，如果你在一个你已习惯做别的事情的地方(比如睡觉，玩游戏机，和朋友玩的这些地方)学习，你将很难投入到学习中去。你要做的就是，找一个特别的专门学习用的区域，那样，这种境界下的环境氛围就会让你很容易就投入学习中去了。

Dr. Lobdell's third tip is to study actively,and it's best summed up (总结)

with this quote(原话n.),straight from the lecture: The more active you are in your learning,the more effective(有效率的)you will be. The best way to do this,rather than going through rote(死记硬背)memorization(识记，默记)，or reading and rereading chapters(章节)from your book,what you're learning is going to fall into(分成)1 of 2 categories(类别)，either facts or concepts(观念，概念).A concepts is sth. like,what does this particular bone in human body do?You have to understand it.A fact is just something you need to remember,what the name of this bone is.

Lobdell博士的第三个小贴士:积极主动的学习。最好还是用原话来总结，这个引言直接来自讲座中:你学的越积极，你就学的越有效率。最好的方法，比起死记硬背的识记或是读了又读书中的章节，首先是在学习之前要去问你自己，我在学什么？

你在学的东西其类别可以一分为二，不是事实就是概念。概念就好比像是，这根特别的骨头在人体中是什么作用？你必须去理解它。事实就只是一个你需要去记住的东西，这根骨头的名称是什么。

Concepts are more important than facts,because once you learn a concept,once you truly understand its inner(内部的)workings,it's with you forever.You're going to remember it.Facts,on the other hand,can sort of(可以说是会)drift(飘,漂流) away over time,and the good thing about that is we have Google.We can look up(查找)facts very easily.Unfortunately,in a textingsituation in class,you have to remember both facts and concepts,and you don't have access to Google,usually,but still,concepts are going to be more important to learn first.

概念比事实更重要，因为一旦你了一个概念，一旦你真正理解了它内部的运作，它就会永远跟着你了，你就能记住它了。事实，从另一方面来讲，可以说是会随着时间渐渐消失散去的。好在我们有谷歌，我们可以非常方便的查找事实，不幸的是，当情况是在在班级的测验时，你就不得不把概念和事实都记住，还不能用谷歌，通常，概念仍旧是更为重要，要去先学习的。

The best way to learn these concepts and to be sure you know them is to put them in your own words.Test yourself and learn actively.There's one thing he gives as an example,which I think is one of the most important parts from the entire lecture,and it's his example about highlighting(突出强调,彩笔标记).

学习概念最好的方式就是，把它们用你自己的语言组织起来以此确定你了解了。

自我检测、积极学习。他给出了一件事作为例子，这也是我认为整个讲座中最重要的部分，他给的例子是关于彩笔标重点。

Most students know not to highlight entire section of the book,because if they do that,you're basically highlighting nothing at all.But if you highlight really important terms, and then you go back to your first read and highlight session,and study them ,and just simply recognize the thing you highlightef before,and say 'oh,I know it,' then you're getting into this  dangerous territory(区域范围)where you don't  know whether you're actually recalling something,or simply recognizing it.

大多数学生都知道不要把书上整段都标亮，因为要是这样，你基本上就等于啥也没标。但如果你标亮了的确很重要的几条，读一遍划重点之后你再反过头来学，然后只是认出了你之前标亮的，然后就说:“噢，这个我知道。”然后你就快要进入到这个危险区域了——你不知道你是不是确实能回忆出来，或者你只是单纯能认出它而已。

资料来源:YouTube

原创翻译:小徽公子

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