生信星球学习day2

一、Linux使用

• 纯linux操作系统
• 虚拟机
• 本地服务器
• 云服务器

二、登录方法(windows)

百度网盘下载xshell
运行，输入
ssh bio05@42.192.49.xx
显示：

Connecting to 42.192.49.166:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

输入密码后，显示

Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-118-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  System information as of Tue Apr 20 17:49:32 CST 2021

  System load:  0.0                Processes:           86
  Usage of /:   12.6% of 49.15GB   Users logged in:     0
  Memory usage: 13%                IP address for eth0: 172.17.0.6
  Swap usage:   0%

 * Introducing self-healing high availability clusters in MicroK8s.
   Simple, hardened, Kubernetes for production, from RaspberryPi to DC.

     https://microk8s.io/high-availability

 * Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
   - Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
     https://ubuntu.com/livepatch
New release '20.04.2 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.



The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.

/usr/bin/xauth:  file /home/bio05/.Xauthority does not exist

登录成功

#显示当前路径
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ pwd 
/home/bio05

#新建操作
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ mkdir biosoft   #新建文件夹biosoft
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ mkdir project #新建文件夹project
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ mkdir tmp #新建文件夹tmp
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ mkdir src #新建文件夹src

#显示列表
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ ls #显示列表
biosoft  project  src  tmp

#删除操作
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ mkdir rm_test #建立rm_test文件夹
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ cd rm_test/ #进入rm_test文件夹
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test$ touch doodle.txt #新建doodle.txt文件
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test$ ls #查看列表
doodle.txt
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test$ mkdir huahua #新建huahua文件夹
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test$ cd huahua/ #进入huahua文件夹
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test/huahua$ touch huahua.txt #新建huahua.txt文本文件
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test/huahua$ cd ..#返回到上级目录
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test$ ls #显示列表
doodle.txt  huahua
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test$ rm doodle.txt #删除doodle.txt 文件
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test$ ls #删除成功
huahua
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test$ rm -r huahua/ #删除非空文件夹 huahua
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test$ ls #删除成功
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/rm_test$ cd ..#返回上级文件夹
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ rmdir rm_test/ #删除空文件夹
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ ls #删除成功
biosoft  project  src  tmp

#文件操作
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ cd tmp/ #进入tmp
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ vi hello_world.txt #建立并编辑文本文档
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cat hello_world.txt #输出文档内容到屏幕
Thanks teachers this is  hello_world.txt 
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ head -n 3 hello_world.txt #查看前3行
Thanks teachers this is  hello_world.txt 

#复制与移动
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ls
hello_world.txt
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cp hello_world.txt new_file.txt #将刚才新建的文件复制一个，叫做new_file.txt
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ls
hello_world.txt  new_file.txt
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cat new_file.txt #查看复制后的文件内容
Thanks teachers this is  hello_world.txt 

bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ mv new_file.txt home.txt #将new_file.txt重命名为home.txt
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ls
hello_world.txt  home.txt
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ mv home.txt ~/ 将home.txt移动到家目录
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ls
hello_world.txt
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cd ..
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ ls
biosoft  home.txt  project  src  tmp

#输出长格式目录列表
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ ls -l
total 20
drwxrwxr-x 2 bio05 bio05 4096 Apr 20 17:58 biosoft
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bio05 bio05   42 Apr 20 18:10 home.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 bio05 bio05 4096 Apr 20 17:59 project
drwxrwxr-x 2 bio05 bio05 4096 Apr 20 17:59 src
drwxrwxr-x 2 bio05 bio05 4096 Apr 20 18:11 tmp

#查看文件大小
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ ls -s #file size
total 20
4 biosoft  4 home.txt  4 project  4 src  4 tmp

#查看操作系统
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ uname -a 
Linux VM-0-6-ubuntu 4.15.0-118-generic #119-Ubuntu SMP Tue Sep 8 12:30:01 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

#查看cpu信息
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ cat /proc/cpuinfo 
processor   : 0
vendor_id   : GenuineIntel
cpu family  : 6
model       : 94
model name  : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6148 CPU @ 2.40GHz
stepping    : 3
microcode   : 0x1
cpu MHz     : 2394.374
cache size  : 28160 KB
physical id : 0
siblings    : 1
core id     : 0
cpu cores   : 1
apicid      : 0
initial apicid  : 0
fpu     : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp      : yes
flags       : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat
bugs        : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs taa itlb_multihit srbds
bogomips    : 4788.74
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

#查看内存信息
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ cat /proc/meminfo 
MemTotal:        1877052 kB
MemFree:          293652 kB
MemAvailable:    1550424 kB
Buffers:          160044 kB
Cached:          1183516 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:           869624 kB
Inactive:         547672 kB
Active(anon):      79176 kB
Inactive(anon):      340 kB
Active(file):     790448 kB
Inactive(file):   547332 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
SwapTotal:             0 kB
SwapFree:              0 kB
Dirty:               544 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:         73760 kB
Mapped:           113308 kB
Shmem:              5780 kB
Slab:             135288 kB
SReclaimable:      99492 kB
SUnreclaim:        35796 kB
KernelStack:        1724 kB
PageTables:         4416 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:      938524 kB
Committed_AS:     372680 kB
VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:           0 kB
VmallocChunk:          0 kB
HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB
AnonHugePages:         0 kB
ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
CmaTotal:              0 kB
CmaFree:               0 kB
HugePages_Total:       0
HugePages_Free:        0
HugePages_Rsvd:        0
HugePages_Surp:        0
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
DirectMap4k:     1879920 kB
DirectMap2M:      217088 kB
DirectMap1G:           0 kB

#查看硬盘空间
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ df -hl
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            885M     0  885M   0% /dev
tmpfs           184M  5.7M  178M   4% /run
/dev/vda1        50G  6.3G   41G  14% /
tmpfs           917M   24K  917M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           917M     0  917M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           184M     0  184M   0% /run/user/1006

#新建多级目录
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ mkdir -p /tmp/tmp/tmp/ 
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ ls
biosoft  home.txt  project  src  tmp
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ cd tmp

#删除多级目录
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ rm -r tmp
bio05@VM-0-6-ubuntu:~$ ls
biosoft  home.txt  project  src