2022-01-01 IDEA创建 Maven Webapp Springmvc项目

Spring 框架提供了构建 Web 应用程序的全功能 MVC 模块。使用 Spring 可插入的 MVC 架构，在使用Spring进行WEB开发时，也可以集成其他MVC开发框架，如 Struts等。

OS：macOS High Sierra （Version: 10.13.6）

Java, Maven，IDEA，MariaDB等安装配置过程，见 IDEA创建Maven Quickstart项目

1. 在 IDEA上创建 Maven Webapp 项目

New Project -> Project Type: Maven -> Project SDK: 1.8 -> select maven-archtype-webapp: Next

Name: MavenWebappSpringmvc

GroupId: com.example

ArtifactId: MavenWebappSpringmvc

-> Finish

生成的项目目录结构，参考IDEA创建Maven Webapp项目

2. 使用 tomcat7-maven-plugin, 将 tomcat 内嵌运行

1) 修改 pom.xml：

<build>

<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>

<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>

</configuration>

</plugin>

</plugins>

</build>

</project>

*注： path 项目访问路径, 本例：localhost:9090, 如果配置的aa，则访问路径为localhost:9090/aa；uriEncoding 非必选项。

2) 运行

Run -> Edit configurations -> Click "+" -> Select "Maven"

Command line: clean tomcat7:run

Name: MavenWebappSpringmvc [clean,tomcat7:run]

Before Launch:

Click "+", select "Launch Web Browser"

Browser: default

Url: http://localhost:9090

-> OK

Run -> Run "MavenWebappSpringmvc [clean,tomcat7:run]"

* tomcat7 除了支持 run，还可以支持如下 Goal:

help, deploy, deploy-only, redeploy, redeploy-only, undeploy,

exec-war, exec-war-only, run-war, run-war-only,

standalone-war, standalone-war-only, shutdown

3) 打包 War

Run -> Edit configurations -> Click "+" -> Select "Maven"

Command line: clean tomcat7:run-war

Name: MavenWebappSpringmvc [clean,tomcat7:run-war]

Before Launch:

Click "+", select "Launch Web Browser"

Browser: default

Url: http://localhost:9090

-> OK

Run -> Run "MavenWebappSpringmvc [clean,tomcat7:run-war]"

可见到 target/MavenWebappSpringmvc.war

3. 导入 Servlet, spring-*, MySQL/MariaDB, hibernate 依赖包

访问 http://www.mvnrepository.com/，查询 Servlet, spring-*, MariaDB, hibernate 等

修改 pom.xml

...

...

<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>

<scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId>

<artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>

<version>4.3.9.Final</version>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>

<version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

<version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>

<version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>

<version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

...

</dependencies>

...

</project>

在IDE中项目列表 -> 点击鼠标右键 -> Maven -> Reload Project

* Springmvc的核心是一个DispatcherServlet，向上溯源，DispatcherServlet 继承自HttpServlet，也就是说 DispatcherServlet 是一个 servelt。

* 这个实例 spring-web 和 springwebmvc 是必须导入，其它 spring 包，根据需要导入。

4. 数据库和实体

1) 数据库（MySQL/MariaDB）

Database Name: testdb （创建一个新的空数据库，或使用已经存在的）

User: root

Password: 123456

Table:

CREATE TABLE `user` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,

`password` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,

`age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

`createtime` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

2) 实体

添加 src/main/java/com/example/entity/User.java，路径中的目录如果不存在，就新建该目录，下同。

package com.example.entity;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Column;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.Id;

import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity

@Table(name = "user")

public class User {

@Id

private int id;

@Column(name = "name")

private String name;

@Column(name = "password")

private String password;

@Column(name = "age")

private int age;

@Column(name = "createtime")

private Date createtime;

public User() {

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return this.name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getPassword() {

return password;

}

public void setPassword(String password) {

this.password = password;

}

public int getAge() {

return this.age;

}

public void setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

}

public Date getCreatetime() {

return this.createtime;

}

public void setCreatetime(Date createtime) {

this.createtime = createtime;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

String strCreateTime = "";

SimpleDateFormat f = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

if (createtime != null)

strCreateTime = f.format(createtime);

return "id: " + id + ", name: " + name + ", age: " + age + ", createtime: " + strCreateTime;

}

3) DAO

添加 src/main/java/com/example/dao/UserDao.java

package com.example.dao;

import java.util.List;

import com.example.entity.User;

public interface UserDao {

/**

* Init user table

void createUserTable();

/**

* Add user

void addUser(User user);

/**

* Query user

List<User> listUser();

}

5. 配置 SpringMVC 和 Data source

1) 修改 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC

"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"

"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>

...

<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>classpath:springmvc-beans.xml</param-value>

</init-param>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

...

</web-app>

2) 添加 src/main/resources/config.properties

# MariaDB的配置信息

db_driverClassName=org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver

db_url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/testdb

db_username=root

db_password=123456

3) 添加 src/main/resources/springmvc-beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"

default-init-method="init"

default-destroy-method="destroy">

<context:component-scan base-package="com.example"/>

<mvc:annotation-driven />

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/>

</bean>

</beans>

6. 用 HibernateDao 连接数据库

1) 修改 src/main/resources/springmvc-beans.xml

...

<list>

<value>com.example.entity.User</value>

</list>

</property>

<props>

<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>

<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">false</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

</bean>

...

</beans>

2) 添加 src/main/java/com/example/dao/UserHibernateDaoImpl.java

package com.example.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import com.example.entity.User;

public class UserHibernateDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

@Override

public void createUserTable() {

String strSql = "CREATE TABLE `user` (\r\n"

+ " `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\r\n"

+ " `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,\r\n"

+ " `password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,\r\n"

+ " `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,\r\n"

+ " `createtime` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,\r\n"

+ " PRIMARY KEY (`id`)\r\n"

+ ") ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;";

this.getSessionFactory().openSession().createSQLQuery(strSql);

}

/**

* Add user

@Override

public void addUser(User user) {

Session session = this.getSessionFactory().openSession();

Transaction beginTransaction = session.beginTransaction();

session.persist(user);

//session.save(user);

beginTransaction.commit();

}

/**

* List all users

@Override

public List<User> listUser() {

return this.getSessionFactory().openSession().createSQLQuery("SELECT * FROM user").addEntity(User.class).list();

}

7. 用 JdbcDao 连接数据库

1) 修改 src/main/resources/springmvc-beans.xml

...

</bean>

...

</beans>

2) 添加 src/main/java/com/example/dao/UserJdbcDaoImpl.java

package com.example.dao;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

import com.example.entity.User;

public class UserJdbcDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {

@Override

public void createUserTable() {

this.getJdbcTemplate().execute("CREATE TABLE `user` (\r\n"

+ " `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\r\n"

+ " `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,\r\n"

+ " `password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,\r\n"

+ " `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,\r\n"

+ " `createtime` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,\r\n"

+ " PRIMARY KEY (`id`)\r\n"

+ ") ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;");

}

@Override

public void addUser(User user){

this.getJdbcTemplate().update("INSERT INTO user (name, password, age, createtime) VALUES (?,?,?,?)",

user.getName(),

user.getPassword(),

user.getAge(),

new Date());

}

@Override

public List<User> listUser() {

List<User> users = this.getJdbcTemplate().query("SELECT * FROM user",

new RowMapper<User>() {

public User mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {

User user = new User();

user.setName(rs.getString("name"));

user.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));

user.setCreatetime(rs.getDate("createtime"));

return user;

}

});

return users;

}

8. 数据库操作

1）配置 View 解析器

修改 src/main/resources/springmvc-beans.xml

...

</bean>

...

</beans>

2) 添加 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/jsp/demo.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false" %>

<%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

</head>

<body>

<hr/>

<p>通过 (Jdbc Dao) 创建用户数据表</p>

<form:form method="POST" action="/user/create/table">

</table>

</form:form>

<hr/>

<p>通过 (Hibernate Dao) 注册用户</p>

<form:form method="POST" action="/user/register">

<table>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

<td><form:label path="password">Password:</form:label></td>

</tr>

<tr>

</tr>

<tr>

</td>

</tr>

</table>

</form:form>

</body>

</html>

3) 添加 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<title>Success Page</title>

</head>

<body>

<h3>Success Page</h3>

<p>Message: ${message} </p>

</body>

</html>

4) 添加 src/main/java/com/example/controller/UserController.java

package com.example.controller;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;

import com.example.entity.User;

import com.example.dao.UserDao;

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/user")

public class UserController {

@Resource(name="userHibernateDao")

private UserDao userHibernateDao;

@Resource(name="userJdbcDao")

private UserDao userJdbcDao;

@RequestMapping(value = "/demo", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public ModelAndView getRegister() {

return new ModelAndView("demo", "command", new User());

}

@RequestMapping(value = "/create/table", method = RequestMethod.POST)

public String createTable(ModelMap model) {

this.userJdbcDao.createUserTable();

model.addAttribute("message", "通过 (Jdbc Dao) 创建用户数据表完成");

return "success";

}

@RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST)

public String postRegister(User user, ModelMap model) {

user.setCreatetime(new Date());

this.userHibernateDao.addUser(user);

model.addAttribute("message", "通过 (Hibernate Dao) 注册用户完成");

return "success";

}

访问 http://localhost:9090/user/demo/

*本实例数据库操作，没有做异常处理，请自行判断代码错误和操作错误

9. 支持静态资源访问 (html/js/css/images)

1) 修改 src/main/resources/springmvc-beans.xml

...

<mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**" />

<mvc:default-servlet-handler />

...

</beans>

2) 添加 src/main/webapp/static/test.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<title>Static HTML</title>

</head>

<body>

<h3>Static HTML Page - Test</h3>

</body>

</html>

访问 http://localhost:9090/static/test.html

3) JS/CSS/Images 和 html类似

略