这是我第25篇简书。
一、产生原因
DPR(devicePixelRatio) 设备像素比 = 物理像素 / css像素 ,它是默认缩放为100%的屏幕下,设备像素和css像素的比值。
目前比较主流的设备的DPR=2或3,所以:
当我们的DPR为2,也就是2倍屏时,当物理像素(设备像素)为1px的时候,我们的css像素应该是0.5px。
当DPR=3,物理像素为1px时,css像素应该为1/3px。
而一般情况下,设计稿是按照750来设计的,而我们写css的样式是参考375的屏,所以我们写的css像素应该为设计稿的像素的一半。
设计图为1px,我们css像素应该为0.5px,再考虑到设备的像素比,我们写的css则是0.25px。
二、解决方案
(一)利用 css 的 伪元素::after + transfrom 进行缩放
优点:全机型兼容,实现了真正的1px,而且可以圆角。适用于老项目。
缺点:暂用了after 伪元素,可能影响清除浮动。
<div class="cell border-1px"> cell <div>
<style>
.cell {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
}
<!--全部边框-->
.border-1px:after {
content: '';
position: absolute;
box-sizing: border-box;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 200%;
height: 200%;
border: 1px solid #000;
border-radius: 4px;
-webkit-transform: scale(0.5);
transform: scale(0.5);
-webkit-transform-origin: top left;
}
<!--单边框,以上边框为例-->
.border-1px-top:before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
border-top: 1px solid red;
transform: scaleY(.5);
transform-origin: left top;
}
</style>
(二)设置viewport的scale值
优点:全机型兼容,直接写1px不能再方便。
缺点:适用于新的项目,老项目可能改动大。
<html>
<head>
<title>1px question</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" id="WebViewport" content="initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
<style>
html {
font-size: 1px;
}
* {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.top_b {
border-bottom: 1px solid #E5E5E5;
}
.a,.b {
box-sizing: border-box;
margin-top: 1rem;
padding: 1rem;
font-size: 1.4rem;
}
.a {
width: 100%;
}
.b {
background: #f5f5f5;
width: 100%;
}
</style>
<script>
var viewport = document.querySelector("meta[name=viewport]");
//下面是根据设备像素设置viewport
if (window.devicePixelRatio == 1) {
viewport.setAttribute('content', 'width=device-width,initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, user-scalable=no');
}
if (window.devicePixelRatio == 2) {
viewport.setAttribute('content', 'width=device-width,initial-scale=0.5, maximum-scale=0.5, minimum-scale=0.5, user-scalable=no');
}
if (window.devicePixelRatio == 3) {
viewport.setAttribute('content', 'width=device-width,initial-scale=0.3333333333333333, maximum-scale=0.3333333333333333, minimum-scale=0.3333333333333333, user-scalable=no');
}
var docEl = document.documentElement;
var fontsize = 32* (docEl.clientWidth / 750) + 'px';
docEl.style.fontSize = fontsize;
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="top_b a">下面的底边宽度是虚拟1像素的</div>
<div class="b">上面的边框宽度是虚拟1像素的</div>
</body>
</html>
(三)通过@media手写border
.min-device-pixel-ratio(@scale2, @scale3) {
@media screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) {
transform: @scale2;
}
@media screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3), (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) {
transform: @scale3;
}
}
.border-1px(@color: #DDD, @radius: 2PX, @style: solid) {
&::before {
content: "";
pointer-events: none;
display: block;
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0;
transform-origin: 0 0;
border: 1PX @style @color;
border-radius: @radius;
box-sizing: border-box;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
@media screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) {
width: 200%;
height: 200%;
border-radius: @radius * 2;
transform: scale(.5);
}
@media screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3), (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) {
width: 300%;
height: 300%;
border-radius: @radius * 3;
transform: scale(.33);
}
}
}
.border-top-1px(@color: #DDD, @style: solid) {
&::before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
border-top: 1Px @style @color;
transform-origin: 0 0;
.min-device-pixel-ratio(scaleY(.5), scaleY(.33));
}
}
.border-bottom-1px(@color: #DDD, @style: solid) {
&::after {
content: "";
position: absolute;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
border-bottom: 1Px @style @color;
transform-origin: 0 0;
.min-device-pixel-ratio(scaleY(.5), scaleY(.33));
}
}
.border-left-1px(@color: #DDD, @style: solid) {
&::before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0;
height: 100%;
border-left: 1Px @style @color;
transform-origin: 0 0;
.min-device-pixel-ratio(scaleX(.5), scaleX(.33));
}
}
一般情况下,我们采用移动端新写的项目都采用viewport的scale方法来实现1px的边框,兼容性好。老项目的话建议还是采用伪元素加transform这种方式。
开源库的解决方案:
如果有用这些ui库,则不用考虑1px问题了。
(四)vant 组件库
.hairline-common() {
position: absolute;
box-sizing: border-box;
content: ' ';
pointer-events: none;
}
.hairline(@color: @border-color) {
.hairline-common();
top: -50%;
right: -50%;
bottom: -50%;
left: -50%;
border: 0 solid @color;
transform: scale(0.5);
}
(五)ant-design-mobile 组件库
这里 PX 大写,为了防止插件将 px 转成 rem 等单位:
.scale-hairline-common(@color, @top, @right, @bottom, @left) {
content: '';
position: absolute;
background-color: @color;
display: block;
z-index: 1;
top: @top;
right: @right;
bottom: @bottom;
left: @left;
}
.hairline(@direction, @color: @border-color-base) when (@direction = 'top') {
border-top: 1PX solid @color;
html:not([data-scale]) & {
@media (min-resolution: 2dppx) {
border-top: none;
&::before {
.scale-hairline-common(@color, 0, auto, auto, 0);
width: 100%;
height: 1PX;
transform-origin: 50% 50%;
transform: scaleY(0.5);
@media (min-resolution: 3dppx) {
transform: scaleY(0.33);
}
}
}
}
}
.hairline(@direction, @color: @border-color-base) when (@direction = 'right') {
border-right: 1PX solid @color;
html:not([data-scale]) & {
@media (min-resolution: 2dppx) {
border-right: none;
&::after {
.scale-hairline-common(@color, 0, 0, auto, auto);
width: 1PX;
height: 100%;
background: @color;
transform-origin: 100% 50%;
transform: scaleX(0.5);
@media (min-resolution: 3dppx) {
transform: scaleX(0.33);
}
}
}
}
}
.hairline(@direction, @color: @border-color-base) when (@direction = 'bottom') {
border-bottom: 1PX solid @color;
html:not([data-scale]) & {
@media (min-resolution: 2dppx) {
border-bottom: none;
&::after {
.scale-hairline-common(@color, auto, auto, 0, 0);
width: 100%;
height: 1PX;
transform-origin: 50% 100%;
transform: scaleY(0.5);
@media (min-resolution: 3dppx) {
transform: scaleY(0.33);
}
}
}
}
}
.hairline(@direction, @color: @border-color-base) when (@direction = 'left') {
border-left: 1PX solid @color;
html:not([data-scale]) & {
@media (min-resolution: 2dppx) {
border-left: none;
&::before {
.scale-hairline-common(@color, 0, auto, auto, 0);
width: 1PX;
height: 100%;
transform-origin: 100% 50%;
transform: scaleX(0.5);
@media (min-resolution: 3dppx) {
transform: scaleX(0.33);
}
}
}
}
}
.hairline(@direction, @color: @border-color-base, @radius: 0) when (@direction = 'all') {
border: 1PX solid @color;
border-radius: @radius;
html:not([data-scale]) & {
@media (min-resolution: 2dppx) {
position: relative;
border: none;
&::before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 200%;
height: 200%;
border: 1PX solid @color;
border-radius: @radius * 2;
transform-origin: 0 0;
transform: scale(0.5);
box-sizing: border-box;
pointer-events: none;
// @media (min-resolution: 3dppx) {
// width: 300%;
// height: 300%;
// border-radius: @radius * 3;
// transform: scale(0.33);
// }
}
}
}
}