一、 这篇文章要解决什么问题,能学习到什么?
最近要做一个院务系统的项目,会把我的学习新知识的过程记录下来,本篇文章是实现登录的操作,本来以为登录的过程是一件比较简单的事情,但是深入了解过后还是有一定难度:
- 1 在登录过程中要获取验证码照片,利用http的get操作后,要穿参数过去服务器,就要用post。
- 2 上述的get和post操作用很多现在网络的框架都能实现,比如volley,但是在获取验证码照片后是要进行一个session的保持的,所以在查阅资料后利用okhttp框架来构建这个项目比较方便快捷。
先来了解一下怎么使用okhttp:http://blog.csdn.net/itachi85/article/details/51190687
还有快速入门利用okhttp加载照片:
http://blog.csdn.net/bo543937071/article/details/53380651
二、问:什么是session和cookie?
简单来说,cookie就是客户端的会话id,而session就是服务器端的会话id,根据这个id号可以查询到你的会话内容。
(想要了解更多cookie和session的知识可以点击这里)
在本项目中用到的是验证码照片的获取,因为每次刷新验证码的url都会有不同的验证码照片出现,所以需要保存验证码的session,不然别人怎么知道你和哪个验证码进行了“会话”。先上照片:
如图分为四个步骤,结合文字更容易理解:
- 1客户端发个请求验证码照片的请求,带回来了照片和一个jsessionid的字段存在用户的cookie中。
- 2我们从cookie头中取出这个session,然后打包参数发过去的时候顺便带上这个session,让服务器这个家伙知道是谁发的。
四个步骤两点总结,在加上代码就更好理解了。
三、分析部分重要代码 最后再贴上全部代码
看一下后台那边给我们的数据有什么,有url_randCodeImage用来发送get请求获取照片,还有url_login用来post数据过去,这些就是我们要打包发送过去的数据:
还有我们的xml界面
首先是我们的验证码照片的获取与异步加载图片
//发送请求获取验证码照片
private void ChangeImage() {
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(App.url_randCodeImage)
.build();
Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
call.enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
Log.i("info_callFailure",e.toString());
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
byte[] byte_image = response.body().bytes();
//通过handler更新UI
Message message = handler.obtainMessage();
message.obj = byte_image;
message.what = SUCCESS;
Log.i("info_handler","handler");
handler.sendMessage(message);
//获取session的操作,session放在cookie头,且取出后含有“;”,取出后为下面的 s (也就是jsesseionid)
Headers headers = response.headers();
Log.d("info_headers", "header " + headers);
List<String> cookies = headers.values("Set-Cookie");
String session = cookies.get(0);
Log.d("info_cookies", "onResponse-size: " + cookies);
s = session.substring(0, session.indexOf(";"));
Log.i("info_s", "session is :" + s);
}
});
}
//异步加载图片
public Handler handler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what){
//加载网络成功进行UI的更新,处理得到的图片资源
case SUCCESS:
//通过message,拿到字节数组
byte[] Picture = (byte[]) msg.obj;
//使用BitmapFactory工厂,把字节数组转化为bitmap
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(Picture, 0, Picture.length);
//通过imageview,设置图片
img_identy.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
break;
//当加载网络失败执行的逻辑代码
case FALL:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "网络出现了问题", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
}
};
获取了照片和session之后,我们就打包发送数据过去:
private void LoginServer() {
Log.i("info_Login","知道了session:"+s);
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
FormBody body = new FormBody.Builder()
.add("userName",et_username.getText().toString())
.add("password",et_code.getText().toString())
.add("randCode",et_identy.getText().toString())
.add("langCode","zh-cn")
.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.addHeader("cookie",s)
.url(App.url_login)
.post(body)
.build();
Call call2 = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
call2.enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
Log.i("info_call2fail",e.toString());
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
if(response.isSuccessful()){
Log.i("info_call2success",response.body().string());
}
Headers headers = response.headers();
Log.i("info_respons.headers",headers+"");
}
});
}
最后来看看我们成功登录后log出来的信息
最后贴上我们的全部代码,希望对过程不太理解的小伙伴有所帮助:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private EditText et_username,et_code,et_identy;
private Button btn_login,btn_changeImg;
private ImageView img_identy;
private Context context;
private OkHttpClient okHttpClient;
public String s ;
private static final int SUCCESS = 1;
private static final int FALL = 2;
public Handler handler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what){
//加载网络成功进行UI的更新,处理得到的图片资源
case SUCCESS:
//通过message,拿到字节数组
byte[] Picture = (byte[]) msg.obj;
//使用BitmapFactory工厂,把字节数组转化为bitmap
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(Picture, 0, Picture.length);
//通过imageview,设置图片
img_identy.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
break;
//当加载网络失败执行的逻辑代码
case FALL:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "网络出现了问题", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
init();
context = getApplicationContext();
ChangeImage();
btn_changeImg.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
ChangeImage();
}
});
btn_login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
LoginServer();
}
});
}
private void LoginServer() {
Log.i("info_Login","知道了session:"+s);
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
FormBody body = new FormBody.Builder()
.add("userName",et_username.getText().toString())
.add("password",et_code.getText().toString())
.add("randCode",et_identy.getText().toString())
.add("langCode","zh-cn")
.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.addHeader("cookie",s)
.url(App.url_login)
.post(body)
.build();
Call call2 = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
call2.enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
Log.i("info_call2fail",e.toString());
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
if(response.isSuccessful()){
Log.i("info_call2success",response.body().string());
}
Headers headers = response.headers();
Log.i("info_respons.headers",headers+"");
}
});
}
private void ChangeImage() {
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(App.url_randCodeImage)
.build();
Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
call.enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
Log.i("info_callFailure",e.toString());
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
byte[] byte_image = response.body().bytes();
//通过handler更新UI
Message message = handler.obtainMessage();
message.obj = byte_image;
message.what = SUCCESS;
Log.i("info_handler","handler");
handler.sendMessage(message);
//session
Headers headers = response.headers();
Log.d("info_headers", "header " + headers);
List<String> cookies = headers.values("Set-Cookie");
String session = cookies.get(0);
Log.d("info_cookies", "onResponse-size: " + cookies);
s = session.substring(0, session.indexOf(";"));
Log.i("info_s", "session is :" + s);
}
});
}
private void init() {
et_username = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_username);
et_code = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_code);
et_identy = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_identy);
btn_login = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_login);
img_identy = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.img_identy);
btn_changeImg = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_changeImg);
okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
}
}
来,头伸过来,给你们几个宝贝看看(我在学习过程中参考查阅的文章的):
http://blog.csdn.net/itachi85/article/details/51190687
http://blog.csdn.net/bo543937071/article/details/53380651
http://blog.csdn.net/androidxiaogang/article/details/51943216