题目要求
设计一个程序,启动三个线程A,B,C,各个线程只打印特定的字母,各打印10次,例如A线程只打印‘A’。要求在控制台依次显示“ABCABC…”
实现代码
方式一:采用Object的wait,notify方法
/**
* Created by 阿越 on 2017/4/5.
*/
// 方式一:采用wait,notify
public class PrintABC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Object A = new Object();
Object B = new Object();
Object C = new Object();
// 线程ta只有同时拥有A和B对象的锁时才会打印A,线程tb和tc类似。
Thread ta = new Thread(new Print(A,B),"A");
Thread tb = new Thread(new Print(B,C),"B");
Thread tc = new Thread(new Print(C,A),"C");
ta.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);// 为了保证初始执行顺序为A->B->C
tb.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
tc.start();
}
}
class Print implements Runnable{
private Object self;
private Object next;
public Print(Object self, Object next) {
this.self = self;
this.next = next;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
synchronized (self) {
// synchronized (next) {}执行完毕后,next对象的锁也就释放了
synchronized (next) {
// 当且仅当同时拥有自身对象锁和下一个对象的锁时才会打印
System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
// 打印成功,唤醒下一个
next.notify();
}
// 没有持有next锁或者打印后next锁释放了,则等待
try {
// 最后一个,不用等待
if (i==9){
return;
}
self.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
方式二:采用Lock和Condition的方式
- Lock是java.util.concurrent.locks包下的接口,提供了比使用synchronized 方法和语句可获得的更广泛的锁定操作,能以更优雅的方式处理线程同步问题。
- Condition是在java 1.5中才出现的,很大程度上是为了代替传统的Object中的wait,notify方法实现线程间的协作。因为相比Object中的wait,notify方法,使用Condition的await,signal方法实现线程间的协作更加安全和高效。
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* Created by 阿越 on 2017/4/5.
*/
// 方式二,采用ReentrantLock和Condition
public class PrintABC_Condition {
// 设置一个标识,谁先打印初始值设置为谁,这里先打印A
private String flag = "A";
// Lock锁对象
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
// 通过锁对象获取Condition
private Condition ca = lock.newCondition();
private Condition cb = lock.newCondition();
private Condition cc = lock.newCondition();
private Thread a;
private Thread b;
private Thread c;
public void printA() {
// 加锁
lock.lock();
try {
// 判断标识是否是当前要打印的值;否,等待;是,打印;
if (!flag.equals("A")) {
ca.await();// objA.wait();
}
System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
// 打印完,把标识修改为下一个要打印的值
flag = "B";
// 唤醒下一个Condition
cb.signal();// objB.notify();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();// 释放锁
}
}
public void printB() {
lock.lock();
try {
if (!flag.equals("B")) {
cb.await();
}
System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
flag = "C";
cc.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void printC() {
lock.lock();
try {
if (!flag.equals("C")) {
cc.await();
}
System.out.print(Thread.currentThread().getName());
flag = "A";
ca.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public PrintABC_Condition() {
a = new Thread("A") {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
printA();
}
}
};
b = new Thread("B") {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
printB();
}
}
};
c = new Thread("C") {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
printC();
}
}
};
}
public void start(){
a.start();
b.start();
c.start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new PrintABC_Condition().start();
}
}
方式三:采用信号量Semaphore
Semaphore是一种基于计数的信号量。可以控制某个资源可被同时访问的个数,线程通过 acquire() 获取一个许可,如果没有就等待,而 release() 释放一个许可。
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* Created by 阿越 on 2017/4/5.
*/
// 方式三,采用Semaphore
public class PrintABC_Semaphore {
public static void main(String[] args) {
PrintABC_Semaphore exp = new PrintABC_Semaphore();
exp.start();
}
// 设置A,B,C线程的信号量的初始许可为0
Semaphore sa = new Semaphore(0);
Semaphore sb = new Semaphore(0);
Semaphore sc = new Semaphore(0);
public Thread a;
public Thread b;
public Thread c;
public PrintABC_Semaphore() {
// 线程A
a = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
// 因为从A开始打印,所以要先释放一个C许可
sc.release();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
// 获取C的许可,得到C的许可才会打印,得不到就阻塞
sc.acquire();
System.out.print("A");
// 打印完,释放一个A的许可
sa.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
b = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
sa.acquire();
System.out.print("B");
sb.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
c = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
sb.acquire();
System.out.print("C");
sc.release();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
}
public void start() {
a.start();
b.start();
c.start();
}
}
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