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CentOS7下部署Django项目详细操作步骤
前记：购买腾讯云服务器，配置自选，当然新用户免费体验半个月，我选择的系统是centos7系统版本,
接下来我们来看整个配置项目流程。
部署是基于：centos7+nginx+uwsgi+python3+django 之上做的
1，详细步骤(下面步骤都是ROOT权限执行):
一、更新系统软件包
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">yum update -y</pre>
二、安装软件管理包和可能使用的依赖
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum install openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel</pre>
三、下载Pyhton3到/usr/local 目录
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz</pre>
解压
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">tar -zxvf Python-3.6.3.tgz</pre>
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">cd Python-3.6.3</pre>
编译安装到指定路径
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3</pre>
/usr/local/python3 路径可以自己指定，自己记着就行，下边要用到。
安装python3
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">make
make install</pre>
安装完成之后 建立软链接 添加变量 方便在终端中直接使用python3
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3</pre>
Python3安装完成之后pip3也一块安装完成，不需要再单独安装
一样建立软链接
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip3</pre>
四、查看Python3和pip3安装情况
五、安装virtualenv ，建议大家都安装一个virtualenv，方便不同版本项目管理。
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">pip3 install virtualenv</pre>
建立软链接
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv /usr/bin/virtualenv</pre>
安装成功在根目录下建立两个文件夹，主要用于存放env和网站文件的。(个人习惯，其它人可根据自己的实际情况处理)
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">mkdir -p /data/env
mkdir -p /data/wwwroot</pre>
六、切换到/data/env/下，创建指定版本的虚拟环境。
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">virtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3 pyweb</pre>
然后进入/data/env/pyweb/bin
启动虚拟环境：
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">source activate</pre>
留意我标记的位置，出现(pyweb)，说明是成功进入虚拟环境。
CentOS7安装MySQL（完整版）
1 下载并安装MySQL官方的 Yum Repository
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm</pre>
2, 使用上面的命令就直接下载了安装用的Yum Repository，大概25KB的样子，然后就可以直接yum安装了。
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;"> yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm</pre>
3,安装MySQL服务器
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">yum -y install mysql-community-server</pre>
4, MySQL数据库设置
首先启动MySQL
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">systemctl start mysqld.service</pre>
查看MySQL运行状态，运行状态如图：
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">systemctl status mysqld.service</pre>
此时MySQL已经开始正常运行，不过要想进入MySQL还得先找出此时root用户的密码，通过如下命令可以在日志文件中找出密码：
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log</pre>
如下命令进入数据库：
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;"> mysql -uroot -p</pre>
输入初始密码（是上面图片最后面的 no;e!5>>alfg），此时不能做任何事情，因为MySQL默认必须修改密码之后才能操作数据库：
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';</pre>
其中‘new password’替换成你要设置的密码，注意:密码设置必须要大小写字母数字和特殊符号（,/';:等）,不然不能配置成功
开启mysql的远程访问
执行以下命令开启远程访问限制（注意：下面命令开启的IP是 192.168.0.1，如要开启所有的，用%代替IP）：
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">grant all privileges on . to 'root'@'192.168.0.1' identified by 'password' with grant option;</pre>
然后再输入下面两行命令
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit</pre>
然后在windows远程测试（也可以用可视化第三方navcat等）
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">mysql -h 148.70.75.219 -P 3306 -uroot -p</pre>
redis安装
下载安装包
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.2.tar.gz</pre>
解压安装包并安装
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">tar xzf redis-4.0.2.tar.gz
cd redis-4.0.2 make
make install</pre>
redis 的很多设置例如：设置密码，远程访问，持久化等，请移驾 点击 跳转。
最后开始进行项目配置
1，安装uwsgi
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">pip install uwsgi</pre>
2,配置uwsgi，在项目根目录下(manage.py同层目录)，新建uwsgi.ini
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<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;"># mysite_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi] # Django-related settings # 项目根目录的路径
chdir = /data/wwwroot/wtp_02 # Django's wsgi file #wsgi-file = demo01/wsgi.py
module = wtp_02.wsgi:application # uwsgi服务器的角色
master = true # 进程7数
processes=4
线程数
threads=2
存放进程编号的文件
pidfile= uwsgi.pid # the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket=:8082
http = 127.0.0.1:8002
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191 # ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed #chmod-socket = 664 # clear environment on exit
vacuum = true # 日志文件，因为uwsgi可以脱离终端在后台运行，日志看不见。我们以前的runserver是依赖终端的
daemonize=uwsgi.log # 虚拟环境的目录
pythonpath = /data/env/pyweb</pre>
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然后启动uwsgi
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">uwsgi -i uwsgi.ini # 启动
uwsgi --stop uwsgi.pid # 停止</pre>
我们查下是否启动成功
通过查询日志，成功运行，证明配置没有问题
配置项目静态文件
修改你的dango setting.py
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static') #静态文件收集 配置路径且将 STATICFILES_DIRS 注释</pre>
然后收集你项目里的所有静态文件，
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">python manage.py collectstatic</pre>
3，安装nginx
切进 该 /usr/local/ 目录下，执行下面命令
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz</pre>
下载完成后，执行解压命令：
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz</pre>
进入解压后的nginx-1.13.7文件夹，依次执行以下命令：
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">./configure
make
make install</pre>
nginx一般默认安装好的路径为/usr/local/nginx
在/usr/local/nginx/conf/中先备份一下nginx.conf文件，以防意外。
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak</pre>
然后打开nginx.conf，把原来的内容删除，直接加入以下内容：
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<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">user root;
worker_processes 1; #
error_log logs/error.log; ##error_log logs/error.log notice; ##error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
} #
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream django { #django项目的端口号 和uwsgi里面的端口号保存一致
server 127.0.0.1:8082; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
} # configuration of the server
server { # nginx服务的端口号 不用修改
listen 8001; # the domain name it will serve for # 这里可以填写你的ip地址或者域名
server_name 148.70.75.219;
charset utf-8;
gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/javascript text/xml image/jpeg image/png image/gif; # max upload size
client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste
Django media #location /media { # alias /home/x/work/liebiao/lbpro/media; # 指向django的media目录 #}
location /static {
alias /home/x/work/liebiao/lbpro/static; # 指向django的static目录
} # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
location / {
uwsgi_pass django;
include uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
}
}
}</pre>
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配置完成后，启动nginx
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #启动nginx
./nginx -s reload #重启nginx/当然stop是停止 (/usr/local/nginx/sbin下)
./nginx #启动nginx</pre>
查询是否启动成功
<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">lsof -i:8000 查端口占用
ps -ef|grep nginx 查端口号
pkill -9 nginx 强制停止运行</pre>
现在打开浏览器即可进行访问。
当然，在实际的开发过程中，经常会碰到服务器需要部署多个项目，我们只需要把 nginx.conf 配置文件稍微修改即可
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<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: "Courier New" !important; font-size: 12px !important;">#user root; #worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
server {
listen #监听端口号;
server_name #你的服务器ip;
location / { # 将nginx所有请求转到uwsgi
include uwsgi_params; # uwsgi的ip与端口
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8082;
} #location /static {
# 静态文件目录
# alias /home/XXXXX(静态文件目录);
# }
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
server {
listen # 监听端口号;
server_name # 你的服务器ip;
client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste
location / { # 将nginx所有请求转到uwsgi
include uwsgi_params; # uwsgi的ip与端口
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8100;
}
location /static { # 静态文件目录
alias /data/wwwroot/wtp_upload_video/static;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
} </pre>
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