Introduction
国内中学毕业汉语常用汉字大概3,000-5,000,而美国中学毕业英语常用词汇量大概11,000-13,000,这多出来的2到3倍的词汇量到底多在哪里?
从涉猎学科和知识来说,中美两国差别不大,不太可能是多出来2-3倍的新词汇。既然是旧词,那就只有一种可能:同义词扩展。
这么多的同义词决定了写作的特点:英语写作中要漂亮的使用同义词替换。
作者语:
汉语的特点之一是模糊性,说话总是有很多的回旋余地,在诗歌中尤为突出。比如李白的一首贺寿诗,大起大落,却总能险象环生。
”这个婆娘不是人,九天仙女下凡尘。儿孙个个都是贼,偷得璠桃献至亲。”
相比之下,英语特点是细腻,一个称赞词可以有数十个同义词,用于不同场景表达不同程度的称赞,比如: awesome, outstanding, spectacular, good, fantastic。
获得
这篇文章,和大家一起探讨写作中的一个常用词“获得”:
1.gain逐渐的积累,特指获得需要/想要的东西
2.derive从...中获得,强调源自于
3.obtain特指通过自身的努力获得
4.acquire特指通过自身的努力获得,也可指购得或者被动得到
5.secure特指经过很多努力获得,强调获得的过程不易
6.procure特指经过很多努力获得,强调获得的过程不易,也指法律上的说服
7.win特指通过竞争赢得
8.earn特指获利,且应得
作者语:
If someone wants to gain strong vocabulary, it will be obtained/acquired/secured/procured through continuous hard work.
Accurate word use is derived from studying synonyms.
Hard work will win someone strong vocabulary.
1. gain
- 含义:逐渐的积累,特指获得需要/想要的东西
- 例句:
She has gained a reputation as a good communicator.
她获得了“沟通大师”的美名。 - 常见用法:
gain strength/experience/confidence/reputation/knowledge/weight
2. derive
- 含义:从...中获得,强调源自于
- 例句:
He derived great pleasure from painting.
他从绘画中得到极大的乐趣 - 常见用法:
derive amusement/comfort/enjoyment/inspiration/satisfaction/support
3. obtain
- 含义:特指通过自身的努力获得
- 例句:
I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.
我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。 - 常见用法:
obtain employment/information/benefit/advice/evidence/assistance/credit
4. acquire
- 含义:特指通过自身的努力获得,也可指购得或者被动得到
- 例句:
He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.
他得到了奸诈的名声。
The company has just acquired new premises.
公司刚购得新办公楼。
I've suddenly acquired a stepbrother.
我突然有了一个继兄弟。 - 常见用法:
acquire knowledge/shares/a company/wealth/a taste
5.secure
- 含义:特指经过很多努力获得,强调获得的过程不易
- 例句:
He secured himself a place at the law school.
他取得了法学院的学籍。 - 常见用法:
secure a job/a contract/approval/deal/victory
6.procure
- 含义:特指经过很多努力获得,强调获得的过程不易,也指法律上的说服
- 例句:
She managed to procure a ticket for the concert.
她好不容易弄到一张音乐会入场券。
He procured his wife to sign the mandate for the joint account.
他说服妻子在联合账户上签了私人财产委托说明。 - 常见用法:
procure medicine/degree/antique
7. win
- 含义:特指通过竞争赢得
- 例句:
She won the admiration of many people in her battle against cancer.
她在与癌症的对抗中赢得了许多人的钦佩。 - 常见用法:
win acceptance/admiration/applause/championship/custody/trust
8.earn
- 含义:特指获利,且应得
- 例句:
As a teacher, she had earned the respect of her students.
作为教师,她赢得了学生的尊敬。 - 常见用法:
earn bonus/money/salary/badge/cash/certificate/honor/love/loyalty