姓名:荣皓宇
学号:17101223406
转载自知乎:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/32122459?hmsr=toutiao.io&utm_medium=toutiao.io&utm_source=toutiao.io
【嵌牛导读】:在高并发应用多如牛毛的今天,Lnmp模式应用场景越来越多。所以如何实际部署一个Lnmp的项目呢
【嵌牛鼻子】:并发,负载均衡,Nginx,实操
【嵌牛提问】:Lnamp则应当如何部署
【嵌牛正文】:
项目背景
公司一直使用商用负载均衡(LB),基于以下几点原因考虑用开源产品来替代:
价格昂贵,HTTPS支持并发数太低
技术门槛比较高,学习成本大
技术Bug修复方面都太慢
商用产品在新功能技术支持方面(如H2,protocol_proxy支持)滞后
技术选型
主要调研了lvs/haproxy/nginx这三种开源产品在四层负载方面功能特性,新LB方案水平扩展相对容易,选型阶段主要考察功能支持情况,情况如下:
综上,同时负载均衡主要业务对象是web类型,现有运维人员对nginx比较熟悉,最终先把nginx做四层负载
方案设计
四层负载在最前端,后端七层负载。四层负载主要负责对外暴露公网IP,七层负载主要业务规则重写。同时考虑多机房的容灾,架构设计如下:
上图主要做到以下组件冗余:
机房A和机房B即可主备也可双主,避免单点
四层接入方面,当OSPF发生故障,可以用Nginx做备用,直接指向L7服务器组
双机房L7服务器组也可以同时提供服务,避免单点
双机房L7服务器组配置保持同步,安装方式采用静态编译安装,复制考贝启动即可
相关配置
网络相关配置
服务器部分配置如下:
#OS基于Centos7,测试环境,生产环境根据实际情况修改#安装路由软件yum install quagga#配置zebra#cat /etc/quagga/zebra.conf!! Zebra configuration saved from vty! 2017/09/28 15:57:12!hostname test-ssl-10-231.test.org#这个每台名字要不同password8WuN0UOEsh./0Uenablepassword8g9UPXyneQv2n.log file /var/log/quagga/zebra.logservice password-encryption#配置ospfd# cat /etc/quagga/ospfd.confhostname test-ssl-10-231.test.org#每台要不同password8cQGHF4e9QbcAenablepassword8RBUKMtvgMhU3Mlog file /var/log/quagga/ospfd.logservice password-encryption!!!interface eth2 ip ospf authentication message-digest ip ospf message-digest-key1md5 pIW87ypU3d4v3pG7#此处密码告知网络工程师ip ospf hello-interval 1 ip ospf dead-interval 4 ip ospf priority 0router ospf ospf router-id 10.10.41.130#每台router-id要不一样log-adjacency-changes network 10.10.41.0/24 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.10.100.100/32 area 0.0.0.0#宣告自己的ospf互边地址和VIP地址,新增地址都在此处添加area 0.0.0.0 authentication message-digest!line vty!#启动服务systemctlenablezebra.servicesystemctlenableospfd.servicesystemctl start zebra.servicesystemctl start ospfd.service#添加ospf和zebra保活,打开配置文件打开如下行行vim /etc/sysconfig/quaggaWATCH_DAEMONS="zebra ospfd"######策略路由配置,eth0指向默认路由,在eth1模拟公网进行配置#######cat /etc/iproute2/rt_tables增加100wan41#增加路由表相关配置ip route add 10.10.41.0/24 dev eth1 src 10.10.41.130 table wan41ip route add default via 10.10.41.250 table wan41ip rule add from 10.10.41.130 table wan41持久化到配置文件cat route-eth110.10.41.0/24 dev eth2 src 10.10.41.130 table wan41default via 10.10.41.250 table 100cat rule-eth1from 10.10.41.130 table wan41######策略路由配置结束######
交换机配置部分(略)
增加zebra ospfd保活
打开/etc/sysconfig/quagga注释以下行:WATCH_DAEMONS="zebra ospfd"
nginx 七层配置,关键是日志配置获取ClientIP如下:
server context listen增加如下:listen 80 proxy_protocol;listen 443 http2 proxy_protocol;#log_format ,要配置$proxy_protocol_addr $proxy_protocol_port,log_format xff '$proxy_protocol_addr:$proxy_protocol_port $http_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$host" ' '$request_time "$upstream_addr" "$upstream_response_time" "$server_protocol"';
nginx tcp 四层代理配置
stream{log_format proxy'$remote_addr:$remote_port [$time_local] ''$protocol $status $bytes_sent $bytes_received ''$session_time "$upstream_addr" ''"$upstream_bytes_sent" "$upstream_bytes_received" "$upstream_connect_time"';upstream backend-test{server 10.x.x.233:80;}upstream backend-test_ssl{server 10.x.x.233:443;}server{listen 80;proxy_protocol on;proxy_pass backend-test;access_log /opt/test/logs/nginx/m.test.com.log proxy;}server{listen 443;proxy_protocol on;proxy_pass backend-test_ssl;access_log /opt/test/logs/nginx/m.test.com.log proxybuffer=1kflush=1s;}}
nginx 加入sysctemctl管理,并加入开机启动
[Unit]Description=nginxAfter=network.target[Service]Type=forkingExecStart=/opt/test/nginx/sbin/nginxExecReload=/opt/test/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reloadExecStop=/opt/test/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stopPrivateTmp=true[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target#开机启动systemctlenablenginx.service
运维管理
新增IP
cat addip.sh#!/bin/baship=$1pswd="test123"expect -c " set timeout 30eval spawn -noecho telnet 127.0.0.1 2604expect \"Password:\"send \"$pswd\r\"expect \" *>\"send \"enable\r\"expect \"Password:\"send \"$pswd\r\"expect \" *#\"send \"configure t\r\"expect \" *(config)#\"send \"router ospf\r\"expect \" *(config-router)#\"send \"network $ip/32 area 0.0.0.0\r\"expect \" *(config-router)#\"send \"w\r\"send \"exit\r\"send \"exit\r\"send \"exit\r\"interact" >/dev/null###增加策略路由ip addr add 10.10.100.103/32 dev lo:1ip rule add from 10.10.100.103 table wan41###持久化到配置文件#rule-lo:1from 10.10.100.103 table wan41
保活
#故障,OSPF下线,恢复自动上线,监控set mailserver mail.test.com port 25set mail-format { from:devops-notice@test.com subject:Nginx-L4 $SERVICE $EVENT at $DATE message:Monit $ACTION $SERVICE at $DATE on $HOST: $DESCRIPTION.}set alert admin@test.comcheck process nginx with pidfile /opt/test/nginx/logs/nginx.pid if does not exist for 3 cycles then exec "/bin/systemctl stop zebra" else if succeeded for 3 cycles then exec "/bin/sh /opt/test/sysadmin/ospf_start.sh"check host Nginx-L4 with address 10.x.x.250 if failed ping count 5 with timeout 1 seconds then exec "/bin/systemctl stop zebra" else if succeeded then exec "/bin/sh /opt/test/sysadmin/ospf_start.sh"
性能测试数据
主要测试七层SSL RSA 2048位加解密能力,2620CPU加装了加速卡之后,并发TPS能达到26000
数据分析
基于ES API获取 带宽,流量,PV数据 汇总后再次存入ES,最终使用grafana进行展示