亲手解决错误：ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError) You don't have write permis...

安装CocoaPods时提示无权限错误：

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods

ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
    You don't have write permissions for the /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0 directory.
stevenwang@StevendeMacBook-Pro ~ % ruby -v

解决办法：

1.删除CocoaPods;

2.用命令"which -a ruby"，查看只有一个系统自带的ruby目录。

StevendeMacBook-Pro:~ root# which -a ruby
/usr/bin/ruby

需要自己再安装一个最新版本的ruby:


stevenwang@StevendeMacBook-Pro ~ % brew install ruby
Running `brew update --preinstall`...
==> Homebrew is run entirely by unpaid volunteers. Please consider donating:
  https://github.com/Homebrew/brew#donations
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/libyaml/manifests/0.2.5
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/libyaml/blobs/sha256:dbd54ce703c6d8eb77e708f75b4730ad2653d28f6291c4a26dc22158beb3f210
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sha256:dbd54ce703c6d8eb77e708f75b4730ad2653d28f6291c4a26dc22158beb
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ca-certificates/manifests/2022-04-26
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ca-certificates/blobs/sha256:c05a44feba2a630de2e1cefba90d3aa3f74e4d57146c0117858f648c419abeae
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sha256:c05a44feba2a630de2e1cefba90d3aa3f74e4d57146c0117858f648c419
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/openssl/1.1/manifests/1.1.1o
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/openssl/1.1/blobs/sha256:630f1510f71f8ad7f9521d3e7371bee08f1956544a48d9796fb5d1fab4058581
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sha256:630f1510f71f8ad7f9521d3e7371bee08f1956544a48d9796fb5d1fab40
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/readline/manifests/8.1.2
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/readline/blobs/sha256:976185ec243284d74eb8b9c554d944cbc0208c26495193bcd28fdf12a08f134e
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sha256:976185ec243284d74eb8b9c554d944cbc0208c26495193bcd28fdf12a08
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ruby/manifests/3.1.2
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/ruby/blobs/sha256:31567181a85e0f3003358466c689142464b14cf817f8c37a6c5367e0c85bc1fc
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sha256:31567181a85e0f3003358466c689142464b14cf817f8c37a6c5367e0c85
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Installing dependencies for ruby: libyaml, ca-certificates, openssl@1.1 and readline
==> Installing ruby dependency: libyaml
==> Pouring libyaml--0.2.5.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/libyaml/0.2.5: 10 files, 331.3KB
==> Installing ruby dependency: ca-certificates
==> Pouring ca-certificates--2022-04-26.all.bottle.tar.gz
==> Regenerating CA certificate bundle from keychain, this may take a while...
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/ca-certificates/2022-04-26: 3 files, 215.6KB
==> Installing ruby dependency: openssl@1.1
==> Pouring openssl@1.1--1.1.1o.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/openssl@1.1/1.1.1o: 8,089 files, 18.5MB
==> Installing ruby dependency: readline
==> Pouring readline--8.1.2.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/readline/8.1.2: 48 files, 1.6MB
==> Installing ruby
==> Pouring ruby--3.1.2.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into:
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/bin

You may want to add this to your PATH.

ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.

If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find ruby you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/ruby/include"

==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/ruby/3.1.2: 15,996 files, 41MB
==> Running `brew cleanup ruby`...
Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP.
Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`).
==> Caveats
==> ruby
By default, binaries installed by gem will be placed into:
  /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/bin

You may want to add this to your PATH.

ruby is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.

If you need to have ruby first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find ruby you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/ruby/include"

安装完后检查，发现还是只有一个系统目录：

stevenwang@StevendeMacBook-Pro ~ % which -a ruby
/usr/bin/ruby
stevenwang@StevendeMacBook-Pro ~ %

这时需要把新版本加到环境变量中：

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
stevenwang@StevendeMacBook-Pro ~ % source ~/.zshrc
stevenwang@StevendeMacBook-Pro ~ % 
stevenwang@StevendeMacBook-Pro ~ % which -a ruby  
/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin/ruby
/usr/bin/ruby

3. 安装CocoaPods:

stevenwang@StevendeMacBook-Pro ~ % sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
Password:
Fetching nanaimo-0.3.0.gem
Fetching colored2-3.1.2.gem
Fetching claide-1.1.0.gem
Fetching CFPropertyList-3.0.5.gem
Fetching atomos-0.1.3.gem
Fetching ruby-macho-2.5.1.gem
Fetching xcodeproj-1.21.0.gem
Fetching nap-1.1.0.gem
Fetching molinillo-0.8.0.gem
Fetching gh_inspector-1.1.3.gem
Fetching fourflusher-2.3.1.gem
Fetching escape-0.0.4.gem
Fetching cocoapods-try-1.2.0.gem
Fetching netrc-0.11.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-trunk-1.6.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-search-1.0.1.gem
Fetching cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-downloader-1.6.3.gem
Fetching cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.5.gem
Fetching ffi-1.15.5.gem
Fetching ethon-0.15.0.gem
Fetching typhoeus-1.4.0.gem
Fetching public_suffix-4.0.7.gem
Fetching fuzzy_match-2.0.4.gem
Fetching concurrent-ruby-1.1.10.gem
Fetching httpclient-2.8.3.gem
Fetching algoliasearch-1.27.5.gem
Fetching addressable-2.8.0.gem
Fetching zeitwerk-2.5.4.gem
Fetching tzinfo-2.0.4.gem
Fetching i18n-1.10.0.gem
Fetching activesupport-6.1.6.gem
Fetching cocoapods-1.11.3.gem
Fetching cocoapods-core-1.11.3.gem
Successfully installed nanaimo-0.3.0
Successfully installed colored2-3.1.2
Successfully installed claide-1.1.0
Successfully installed CFPropertyList-3.0.5
Successfully installed atomos-0.1.3
Successfully installed xcodeproj-1.21.0
Successfully installed ruby-macho-2.5.1
Successfully installed nap-1.1.0
Successfully installed molinillo-0.8.0
Successfully installed gh_inspector-1.1.3
Successfully installed fourflusher-2.3.1
Successfully installed escape-0.0.4
Successfully installed cocoapods-try-1.2.0
Successfully installed netrc-0.11.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-trunk-1.6.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-search-1.0.1
Successfully installed cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-downloader-1.6.3
Successfully installed cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.5
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed ffi-1.15.5
Successfully installed ethon-0.15.0
Successfully installed typhoeus-1.4.0
Successfully installed public_suffix-4.0.7
Successfully installed fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Successfully installed concurrent-ruby-1.1.10
Successfully installed httpclient-2.8.3
A new major version is available for Algolia! Please now use the https://rubygems.org/gems/algolia gem to get the latest features.
Successfully installed algoliasearch-1.27.5
Successfully installed addressable-2.8.0
Successfully installed zeitwerk-2.5.4
Successfully installed tzinfo-2.0.4
Successfully installed i18n-1.10.0
Successfully installed activesupport-6.1.6
Successfully installed cocoapods-core-1.11.3
Successfully installed cocoapods-1.11.3
Parsing documentation for nanaimo-0.3.0
Installing ri documentation for nanaimo-0.3.0
Parsing documentation for colored2-3.1.2
Installing ri documentation for colored2-3.1.2
Parsing documentation for claide-1.1.0
Installing ri documentation for claide-1.1.0
Parsing documentation for CFPropertyList-3.0.5
Installing ri documentation for CFPropertyList-3.0.5
Parsing documentation for atomos-0.1.3
Installing ri documentation for atomos-0.1.3
Parsing documentation for xcodeproj-1.21.0
Installing ri documentation for xcodeproj-1.21.0
Parsing documentation for ruby-macho-2.5.1
Installing ri documentation for ruby-macho-2.5.1
Parsing documentation for nap-1.1.0
Installing ri documentation for nap-1.1.0
Parsing documentation for molinillo-0.8.0
Installing ri documentation for molinillo-0.8.0
Parsing documentation for gh_inspector-1.1.3
Installing ri documentation for gh_inspector-1.1.3
Parsing documentation for fourflusher-2.3.1
Installing ri documentation for fourflusher-2.3.1
Parsing documentation for escape-0.0.4
Installing ri documentation for escape-0.0.4
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-try-1.2.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-try-1.2.0
Parsing documentation for netrc-0.11.0
Installing ri documentation for netrc-0.11.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-trunk-1.6.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-trunk-1.6.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-search-1.0.1
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-search-1.0.1
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.6.3
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.6.3
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.5
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.5
Parsing documentation for ffi-1.15.5
Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.15.5
Parsing documentation for ethon-0.15.0
Installing ri documentation for ethon-0.15.0
Parsing documentation for typhoeus-1.4.0
Installing ri documentation for typhoeus-1.4.0
Parsing documentation for public_suffix-4.0.7
Installing ri documentation for public_suffix-4.0.7
Parsing documentation for fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Installing ri documentation for fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Parsing documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.1.10
Installing ri documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.1.10
Parsing documentation for httpclient-2.8.3
Installing ri documentation for httpclient-2.8.3
Parsing documentation for algoliasearch-1.27.5
Installing ri documentation for algoliasearch-1.27.5
Parsing documentation for addressable-2.8.0
Installing ri documentation for addressable-2.8.0
Parsing documentation for zeitwerk-2.5.4
Installing ri documentation for zeitwerk-2.5.4
Parsing documentation for tzinfo-2.0.4
Installing ri documentation for tzinfo-2.0.4
Parsing documentation for i18n-1.10.0
Installing ri documentation for i18n-1.10.0
Parsing documentation for activesupport-6.1.6
Installing ri documentation for activesupport-6.1.6
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-core-1.11.3
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-core-1.11.3
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-1.11.3
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-1.11.3
Done installing documentation for nanaimo, colored2, claide, CFPropertyList, atomos, xcodeproj, ruby-macho, nap, molinillo, gh_inspector, fourflusher, escape, cocoapods-try, netrc, cocoapods-trunk, cocoapods-search, cocoapods-plugins, cocoapods-downloader, cocoapods-deintegrate, ffi, ethon, typhoeus, public_suffix, fuzzy_match, concurrent-ruby, httpclient, algoliasearch, addressable, zeitwerk, tzinfo, i18n, activesupport, cocoapods-core, cocoapods after 27 seconds
34 gems installed
stevenwang@StevendeMacBook-Pro ~ % pod --version
1.11.3
stevenwang@StevendeMacBook-Pro ~ %

备注：

移除ruby，重新安装ruby，在重新安装cocoapods

参考文章

四、 Ruby 的安装与卸载
Mac CocoaPods 卸载和重装记录
MacOS 10.12 Cocoapods卸载与安装笔记
更新 macOS 10.15後無法使用Cocoapods

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