The red handfish, a relative of the extinct smooth handfish. Credit: Mark Green/CSIRO Marine Research Wikimedia  (CC BY 3.0)

红色手鱼，已灭绝的光滑手鱼的亲戚。图片来源：Mark Green / CSIRO Marine Research Wikimedia   （CC BY 3.0）

Bonin pipistrelle (Pipistrellus sturdeei)—Scientists only recorded this Japanese bat one time, back in the 19th century. The IUCN listed it as “data deficient” from 2006 to 2020, a period during which its taxonomy was under debate, but a paper published in March settled that issue, and the latest Red List update placed the species in the the extinct category. The Japanese government itself has listed the bat as extinct since 2014.

Bonin pipistrelle（Pipistrellus sturdeei） —科学家仅在19世纪曾一次记录过这种日本蝙蝠。IUCN将其列为2006年至2020年的“数据不足”时期，这一时期对其分类法进行了辩论，但3月份发表的一篇论文解决了该问题，最新的《红色名录》更新将该物种列入了灭绝类别。自2014年以来，日本政府本身就将蝙蝠灭绝。

Pseudoyersinia brevipennis—This praying mantis from France hasn’t been seen since 1860. Its declared extinction comes after some extended (and still unresolved) debate over its validity as a unique species.

Pseudoyersinia brevipennis —自1860年以来就没有出现过这种来自法国的螳螂。在宣布其灭绝之后，人们对它作为一种独特物种的有效性进行了广泛（但仍未解决）的争论。

Agave lurida—Last seen in Oaxaca, Mexico, in 2001, this succulent was finally declared extinct in the wild this year after numerous expeditions searching for remaining plants. As the IUCN Red List notes, “There are only a few specimens left in ex-situ collections, which is a concern for the extinction of the species in the near future.”

龙舌兰（Agave lurida） — 2001年在墨西哥瓦哈卡州最后一次见到这种肉质，经过无数次搜寻剩余植物的考察，今年终于在野外灭绝了。正如世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）红色名录所指出的那样，“异地 采集中只剩下了一些标本 ，这是该物种在不久的将来灭绝的一个问题。”

Falso Maguey Grande (Furcraea macdougallii)—Another Oaxacan succulent that’s extinct in the wild but still exists in cultivated form (you can buy these plants online today for as little as $15). Last seen growing naturally in 1973, the plant’s main habitat was degraded in 1953 to make way for agave plantations for mezcal production. Wildfires may have also played a role, but the species’ limited distribution also made it easier to kill it off: “The restricted range of the species also made it very vulnerable to small local disturbances, and hence the last few individuals were easily destroyed,” according to the IUCN.

Falso Maguey Grande（Furcraea macdougallii） -另一种在野外灭绝但仍以栽培形式存在的瓦哈卡肉质植物（您今天可以在线购买这些植物，价格低至15美元）。上一次看到这种植物是在1973年自然生长的，但该植物的主要栖息地在1953年退化，为龙舌兰人工林的生产提供了空间。野火也可能起到了作用，但是该物种的有限分布也使其更容易被杀死：“该物种的范围有限，也使其很容易受到当地的小规模干扰，因此，最后几个个体很容易被破坏，根据IUCN。

Eriocaulon inundatum—Last scientifically collected in Senegal in 1943, this pipewort’s only know habitat has since been destroyed by salt mining.

Eriocaulon inundatum —上一次在塞内加尔进行的科学采集于1943年，此草唯一了解的栖息地此后被盐矿开采破坏了。

Persoonia laxa—This shrub from New South Wales, Australia, was collected just two times—in 1907 and 1908—in habitats that have since become “highly urbanized.” The NSW government still lists it as “presumed extinct,” but the IUCN placed it fully in the “extinct” category in 2020.

Persoonia laxa（一种来自澳大利亚新南威尔士州的灌木）在1907年和1908年仅两次被收集在后来变得“高度城市化”的栖息地中。新南威尔士州政府仍将其列为“已灭绝”，但自然保护联盟在2020年将其完全列为“灭绝”类别。

Nazareno (Monteverdia lineata)—Scientific papers declared this Cuban flowing plant species extinct in 2010 and 2015, although it wasn’t catalogued in the IUCN Red List until this year. It grew in a habitat now severely degraded by agriculture and livestock farming.

Nazareno（Monteverdia lineata） —科学论文宣称这种古巴流动植物物种在2010年和2015年已灭绝，尽管直到今年才被列入IUCN红色名录。它生长在如今因农业和畜牧业而严重退化的栖息地中。

Wynberg conebush (Leucadendron grandiflorum)—This South African plant hasn’t been seen in more than 200 years and was long considered the earliest documented extinction from that country, although it only made it to the IUCN Red List recently. Its sole habitat “was the location of the earliest colonial farms,” including vineyards.

温伯格锥果 （Leucadendron grandiflorum） -这种南非植物已经有200多年没有出现了，尽管它最近才被列入世界自然保护联盟红色名录，但长期以来被认为是该国灭绝的 最早文献。它唯一的栖息地“是最早的殖民农场的所在地”，包括葡萄园。

Wolseley conebush (Leucadendron spirale)—Another South African plant, this one last seen in 1933 and since extensively sought after, including high rewards for its rediscovery. The IUCN says the cause of its extinction is unknown “but is likely the result of habitat loss to crop cultivation, alien plant invasion and afforestation.” Oh yeah, and it probably didn’t help that in 1809 a scientist wrote that the species possessed “little beauty” and discouraged it from further collection.

Wolseley ol（Leucadendron spirale） —南非的另一种植物，最后一次见于1933年，此后受到广泛追捧，包括  对其重新发现的丰厚奖励。世界自然保护联盟说，其灭绝的原因尚不清楚，“但很可能是由于作物种植，外来植物入侵和植树造林而丧失了栖息地的结果。” 哦，是的，在1809年，一位科学家写道该物种具有“小美感”，并阻止了其进一步收集，这可能无济于事。

Schizothorax saltans—This fish from Kazakhstan was last seen in 1953, around the time the rivers feeding its lake habitats were drained for irrigation. The IUCN did not assess the species before this past year.

Schizothorax saltans-这种来自哈萨克斯坦的鱼最后一次出现在1953年，大约是在为其湖泊栖息地提供营养的河流排干水进行灌溉的时候。IUCN在去年之前没有评估该物种。

Alphonsea hortensis—Declared “extinct in the wild” this year after no observations since 1969, the last specimens of this Sri Lankan tree species now grow at Peradeniya Royal Botanic Garden.

Alphonsea hortensis —自1969年以来未曾观测，今年已宣布“灭绝在野外”，此斯里兰卡树种的最后标本现在生长在Peradeniya皇家植物园。

Lord Howe long-eared bat (Nyctophilus howensis)—This island species is known from a single skull discovered in 1972. Conservationists held out hope that it still existed following several possible sightings, but those hopes have now been dashed.

豪勋爵长耳蝙蝠（Nyctophilus howensis） —该岛种是从1972年发现的单个头骨中得知的。保护主义者寄希望于在多次目击中发现它仍然存在，但现在这些希望破灭了。

Deppea splendens—This IUCN declared this beautiful plant species “extinct in the wild” this year. All living specimens exist only because botanist Dennis Breedlove, who discovered the species in 1973, collected seeds before the plant’s sole habitat in Mexico was plowed over to make way for farmland. Now known as a “holy grail” for some gardeners, cultivated plants descended from Breedlove’s seeds can be purchased online for as little as $16.95.

Deppea splendens —这个自然保护联盟宣布今年这种美丽的植物“在野外灭绝”。所有活着的标本之所以存在，仅是因为植物学家丹尼斯·布雷德洛夫（Dennis Breedlove）于1973年发现了该物种，然后才将其在墨西哥唯一的栖息地 耕作耕种， 以便为农田耕种。现在，对于某些园丁来说，这是一种“圣杯”，从Breedlove的种子衍生而来的栽培植物可以在线购买，价格低至16.95美元。

Pass stubfoot toad (Atelopus senex)—Another Costa Rican chytrid victim, last seen in 1986.

传递脚蟾蜍（Atelopus senex） -哥斯达黎加另一种食糜受害者，最后一次见于1986年。

Craugastor myllomyllon—A Guatemalan frog that never had a common name and hasn’t been seen since 1978 (although it wasn’t declared a species until 2000). Unlike the other frogs on this year’s list, this one disappeared before the chytrid fungus arrived; it was likely wiped out when agriculture destroyed its only habitat.

Craugastor myllomyllon —一种危地马拉青蛙，从1978年开始就没有人使用过这种名字，尽管它直到2000年才被宣布为物种，但从未见过。与今年名单上的其他青蛙不同，这只青蛙在苏木菌到达之前就消失了。当农业摧毁了它唯一的栖息地时，它很可能消失了。

Spined dwarf mantis (Ameles fasciipennis)—This Italian praying mantis was only scientifically collected once, in or around 1871, and never seen again. The IUCN says the genus’s taxonomy is “rather confusing and further analysis need to be done to confirm the validity of this species.” Here’s what we do know, though: There are none to be found today, despite extensive surveys.

矮矮人螳螂（Ameles fasciipennis） -这种意大利螳螂在1871年左右或大约只被科学采集一次，以后再也没有见过。IUCN说，该属的分类法“相当混乱，需要进一步分析以确认该物种的有效性。” 但是，这就是我们所知道的：尽管进行了广泛的调查，但今天仍然找不到。

Scleria chevalieri—This Senagalese plant, last seen in 1929, once grew in swamps that have since been drained to irrigate local gardens.

Scleria chevalieri —这种Senagalese植物最后一次出现在1929年，曾经生长在沼泽中，后来被排干以灌溉当地的花园。

Hawai‘i yellowwood (Ochrosia kilaueaensis)—This tree hasn’t been seen since 1927. Its rainforest habitat has been severely degraded by invasive plants and goats, as well as fires. It’s currently listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, but the IUCN declared it extinct this past year.

夏威夷黄木（Ochrosia kilaueaensis） —自1927年以来就没有发现过这棵树。其雨林栖息地已因入侵植物和山羊以及大火而严重退化。它目前被列为 濒危 根据美国濒危物种法案，但世界自然保护联盟宣布它在过去的一年灭绝。

Roystonea stellate—Scientists only collected this Cuban palm tree a single time, back in 1939. Several searches have failed to uncover evidence of its continued existence, probably due to conversion of its only habitats to coffee plantations.

Roystonea星状星体-科学家仅在1939年才一次收集到这棵古巴棕榈树。几次搜索未能发现其继续存在的证据，这可能是由于其唯一的栖息地向咖啡种植园转变的缘故。

Jalpa false brook salamander (Pseudoeurycea exspectata)—Small farms, cattle grazing and logging appear to have wiped out this once-common Guatemalan amphibian, last seen in 1976. At least 16 surveys since 1985 did not find any evidence of the species’ continued existence.

Jalpa false brook salamander（Pseudoeurycea exspectata）—小农场，放牧和砍伐的牲畜似乎消灭了这种曾经常见的危地马拉两栖动物，最后一次见于1976年。自1985年以来，至少有16次调查没有发现该物种继续存在的任何证据。 。

Faramea chiapensis—Only collected once in 1953, this Mexican plant lost its cloud-forest habitat to colonialism and deforestation.

Faramea chiapensis-这种墨西哥植物仅在1953年收集一次，就因殖民主义和森林砍伐而失去了其云雾森林的栖息地。

Euchorium cubense—Last seen in 1924, this Cuban flowing plant—the only member of its genus—has long been assumed lost. The IUCN characterized it as extinct in 2020 along with Banara wilsonii, another Cuban plant last seen in 1938 before its habitat was cleared for a sugarcane plantation.

Euchorium cubense（上一次见于1924年）是古巴的一种流水植物，是其属的唯一成员，长期以来一直被认为已经消失了。IUCN将其与另一种古巴植物Banara wilsonii一起于2020年灭绝 ，该种植物最后一次见于1938年，其栖息地被清理用于甘蔗种植。

Aloe silicicola—Last seen in 1920, this plant from the mountains of Madagascar enters the IUCN Red List as “extinct in the wild” due to a vague reference that it still exists in a botanical garden. Its previous habitat has been the site of frequent fires.

芦荟-最后一次见于1920年，这棵来自马达加斯加山脉的植物因其仍然存在于植物园中而含糊其词，因此被列入IUCN红色名录，称其为“野外灭绝”。它以前的栖息地是频繁发生火灾的地方。

Chitala lopis—A large fish from the island of Java, this species hasn’t been seen since 1851 (although many online sources use this taxonomic name for other “featherback” fish species that still exist). It was probably wiped out by a wide range of habitat-degrading factors, including pollution, unsustainable fishing and near-complete deforestation around nearby rivers.

Chitala lopis-来自爪哇岛的大型鱼类，自1851年以来就没有发现过该物种（尽管许多在线资料来源将这种分类学名称用于仍存在的其他“羽背”鱼类）。可能由于各种栖息地退化因素而将其消灭，包括污染，不可持续的捕鱼和附近河流附近几乎完全的森林砍伐。

Eriocaulon jordanii—This grass species formerly occurred in two known sites in coastal Sierra Leone, where its previous habitats were converted to rice fields in the 1950s.

Eriocaulon jordanii —该草种以前发生在塞拉利昂沿海的两个已知地点，在1950年代以前将其以前的栖息地转变为稻田。

Amomum sumatranum—A relative of cardamom, this plant from Sumatra was only scientifically collected once, back in 1921, and the forest where that sample originated has now been completely developed. The IUCN says one remaining cultivated population exists, so they’ve declared it “extinct in the wild.”

砂仁砂仁—一种豆蔻的亲戚，苏门答腊的这种植物仅在1921年被科学采集一次，该样品的起源森林现已完全发育。IUCN说，还有一个剩余的耕种人口，因此他们宣布它“在野外灭绝了”。

Lost shark (Carcharhinus obsoletus)—This species makes its second annual appearance on this list. Scientists described this species in 2019 after examining decades-old specimens, noting that it hadn’t been observed since the 1930s. This year the IUCN added the species to the Red List and declared it “critically endangered (possibly extinct).”

失落的鲨鱼（Carcharhinus obsoletus） -该物种在该列表中第二次年度出现。科学家 在检查了数十年前的标本后于2019年描述了该物种，并指出自1930年代以来从未发现过这种物种。今年，世界自然保护联盟将该物种列入了红色名录，并宣布其“极度濒危（可能已经灭绝）”。

Cora timucua—This lichen from Florida was just identified from historical collections through DNA barcoding. Unfortunately no new samples have been collected since the turn of the 19th century. The scientists who named the species this past December call it “potentially extinct” but suggest it be listed as critically endangered in case it still hangs on in remote parts of the highly developed state. They caution, however, that it hasn’t turned up in any recent surveys.

Cora timucua-来自佛罗里达的地衣是通过DNA条形码从历史收藏中鉴定出来的。不幸的是，自19世纪初以来，没有收集到任何新样品。去年12月命名该物种的科学家称其为“潜在灭绝”，但建议将其列为极度濒危物种，以防万一仍然悬在高度发达国家的偏远地区。他们警告说，但是，最近的任何调查都没有发现这一点。

Dama gazelle (Nanger dama) in Tunisia—This critically endangered species still hangs on in a few other countries, and in captivity, but the death of the last individual in Tunisia marked one more country in which the gazelle has now been extirpated and serves as a stark reminder to keep the rest from fading away.

突尼斯的达马瞪羚（Nanger dama） -这种极度濒危的物种仍在其他一些国家和被圈养中继续流传，但突尼斯最后一个人的死亡标志着瞪羚现在已经灭绝并作为鲜明的提醒，以防止其余的褪色。

A few months ago a group of scientists warned about the rise of “extinction denial,” an effort much like climate denial to mischaracterize the extinction crisis and suggest that human activity isn’t really having a damaging effect on ecosystems and the whole planet.

几个月前，一群科学家警告了“灭绝物种”的兴起，这种努力很像气候否认运动，以错误地描述了灭绝危机， 并暗示人类活动实际上并没有对生态系统和整个星球造成破坏性影响。

That damaging effect is, in reality, impossible to deny.

实际上，这种破坏作用是无法否认的。

This past year scientists and conservation organizations declared that a long list of species may have gone extinct, including dozens of frogs, orchids and fish. Most of these species haven’t been seen in decades, despite frequent and regular expeditions to find out if they still exist. The causes of these extinctions range from diseases to invasive species to habitat loss, but most boil down to human behavior.

去年，科学家和保护组织宣布，许多物种可能已经灭绝，包括数十种青蛙，兰花和鱼类。尽管经常进行定期的探险以查明它们是否仍然存在，但这些物种中的大多数都已经几十年了。这些物种灭绝的原因从疾病到入侵物种再到生境丧失，但大多数归结为人类行为。

Of course, proving a negative is always hard, and scientists are often cautious about declaring species truly lost. Do it too soon, they warn, and the last conservation efforts necessary to save a species could evaporate, a problem known as the Romeo and Juliet Effect. Because of that, and because many of these species live in hard-to-survey regions, many of the announcements this past year declared species possibly or probably lost, a sign that hope springs eternal.

当然，证明否定总是很困难的，科学家们常常对宣布物种真正灭绝持谨慎态度。他们警告说，做得太早了，保存物种所需的最后一次保护工作可能会烟消云散，这就是罗密欧与朱丽叶效应。因此，由于其中许多物种生活在难以调查的地区，去年的许多公告宣布该物种可能或可能已经丧失，这标志着希望永恒。

And there’s reason for that hope: When we devote energy and resources to saving species, it often works. A study published in 2019 found that conservation efforts have reduced bird extinction rates by 40 percent. Another recent paper found that conservation actions have prevented dozens of bird and mammal extinctions over just the past few decades. The new paper warns that many of the species remain critically endangered, or could still go extinct, but we can at least stop the bleeding.

这种希望的原因是：当我们将能量和资源用于拯救物种时，它通常会起作用。2019年发表的一项研究发现，保护工作已将鸟类灭绝率降低了40％。最近的另一篇论文发现，在过去的几十年中，保护行动已阻止了数十种鸟类和哺乳动物的灭绝。这份新论文警告说，许多物种仍处于极度濒临灭绝的危险中，或仍可能灭绝，但我们至少可以阻止流血。

And sometimes we can do better than that. This year the IUCN—the organization that tracks the extinction risk of species around the world—announced several conservation victories, including the previously critically endangered Oaxaca treefrog (Sarcohyla celata), which is now considered “near threatened” due to protective actions taken by the people who live near it.

有时我们可以做得更好。今年，世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）追踪了世界各地物种的灭绝风险，该组织宣布了几项保护胜利，包括先前极度濒危的瓦哈卡树蛙（Sarcohyla celata），由于该物种的保护性行动，现在被视为“近乎威胁”。住在附近的人。

“We can turn things around. We don’t just have to sit there and cry,” says conservation scientist Stuart Pimm, founder of the organization Saving Nature.

“我们可以扭转局面。我们不仅坐在那里哭泣，”“拯救自然”组织的创始人保护科学家Stuart Pimm说。

But at the same time, we need to recognize what we’ve lost, or potentially lost. We can mourn them and vow to prevent as many others as possible from joining their ranks.

但同时，我们需要认识到我们已经失去或可能失去的东西。我们可以为他们哀悼，并发誓要阻止尽可能多的其他人加入他们的行列。

With that in mind, here are the species that scientists and the conservation community declared lost in 2020, culled from media reports, scientific papers, the IUCN Red List and my own reporting.

考虑到这一点，以下是科学家和保护界宣布在2020年消失的物种，这些物种是从媒体报道，科学论文，《自然保护联盟红色名录》和我自己的报道中选出的。

32 orchid species in Bangladesh—One of the first papers of 2020 to report any extinctions announced the probable loss of 17 percent of Bangladesh’s 187 known orchid species. Some of these still exist in other countries, but even regional extinctions (or extirpations, as they’re called) tell us that we’ve taken a toll on our ecological habitats. A similar paper published just days later suggested that nine more orchid species from Madagascar may have also gone extinct.

孟加拉国的32个兰花物种— 2020年第一篇报告有绝种现象的论文之一宣布，孟加拉国187种已知兰花物种可能会损失17％。其中一些仍然存在于其他国家，但即使是区域灭绝（或称灭绝）也告诉我们，我们已经对生态环境造成了损失。几天后发表的类似论文表明，马达加斯加的另外九种兰花也可能已经灭绝。

Smooth handfish (Sympterichthys unipennis)—One of the few extinctions of 2020 that received much media attention, and it’s easy to see why. Handfish are an unusual group of species whose front fins look somewhat like human appendages, which they use to walk around the ocean floor. The smooth species, which hasn’t been seen since 1802, lived off the coast of Tasmania and was probably common when it was first collected by naturalists. Bottom fishing, pollution, habitat destruction, bycatch and other threats are all listed as among the probable reasons for its extinction. Even though the local fishery collapsed more than 50 years ago, the remaining handfish species are still critically endangered, so this extinction should serve as an important wake-up call to save them.

光滑的手鱼（Sympterichthys unipennis） — 2020年为数不多的物种灭绝之一，受到了媒体的广泛关注，并且很容易理解为什么。手鱼是一种不寻常的物种，其前鳍看上去有点像人类的附肢，它们用来在海床周围行走。自1802年以来从未出现过这种光滑的物种，它生活在塔斯马尼亚岛的海岸上，很可能在博物学家首次收集时就很常见。底层捕鱼，污染，栖息地破坏，兼捕和其他威胁都被列为其灭绝的可能原因。即使当地的渔业在50多年前就崩溃了，但其余的手鱼物种仍然受到严重威胁，因此，这种灭绝应作为拯救它们的重要警钟。

65 North American plants—This past year researchers set out to determine how many plants in the continental United States had been lost. They catalogued 65, including five small trees, eight shrubs, 37 perennial herbs and 15 annual herbs. Some of these had been reported before, but for most this is the first time they’ve been declared extinct. The list includes Marshallia grandiflora, a large flowing plant from the American Southeast that was declared its own species this past year. Too bad it was last seen in 1919 (and has been confused with other species for even longer).

65北美植物-去年，研究人员着手确定美国大陆损失了多少植物。他们对65种进行了分类，包括5棵小树，8株灌木，37种多年生草本植物和15种一年生草本植物。其中一些已经被报道过了，但是对于大多数人来说，这是第一次被宣布灭绝。名单中包括大花Mar（ Marshallia grandiflora），这是一种来自美国东南部的大型流动植物，去年被宣布为自己的物种。太糟糕了，它最后一次出现是在1919年（并且与其他物种混淆的时间更长了）。

22 frog species—The IUCN this year declared nearly two dozen long-unseen Central and South American frog species as “critically endangered (possibly extinct)”—victims of the amphibian-killing chytrid fungus. They include the Aragua robber frog (Pristimantis anotis), which hasn’t been observed in 46 years, and the Piñango stubfoot toad (Atelopus pinangoi), which mostly disappeared in the 1980s. A single juvenile toad observed in 2008 leads scientists to say this species “is either possibly extinct or if there is still an extant population, that it is very small (<50 mature individuals).”

22种青蛙物种—今年，世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）宣布将近二十种长期未见的中美洲和南美青蛙物种称为“极度濒危（可能已灭绝）” —杀死两栖动物的乳糜菌的受害者。它们包括46年来未曾观察到的Aragua强盗青蛙（Pristimantis anotis）和Piñango顽固蟾蜍（Atelopus pinangoi），它们在1980年代大多消失了。在2008年观察到的一只幼蟾蜍使科学家们说，该物种“可能已经灭绝，或者如果仍然存在，则它很小（不到50个成熟个体）。”

Chiriqui harlequin frog (Atelopus chiriquiensis) and splendid poison frog (Oophaga speciosa)—Last seen in 1996 and 1992, these frogs from Costa Rica and Panama fell victim to the chytrid fungus and were declared extinct in December.

Chiriqui丑角蛙（Atelopus chiriquiensis）和出色的毒蛙（Oophaga speciosa） —最后一次见于1996年和1992年，这些来自哥斯达黎加和巴拿马的青蛙受食糜菌感染，并于12月宣布灭绝。

15 percent of mite species—This requires a lot more research, but a paper published this past August announced “evidence of widespread mite extinctions” following similar disappearances of plants and vertebrates. Mites may not look or sound important, but they play key roles in their native ecosystems. If 15 percent of the world’s 1.25 million mite species were lost by the year 200, we’re talking tens to hundreds of thousands of extinctions—a number the researchers predict will continue to rise.

15％的螨虫物种-这需要进行大量研究，但去年八月发表的一篇论文宣布，“类似的植物和脊椎动物灭绝现象表明，螨虫广泛灭绝”。螨虫看起来或听起来并不重要，但它们在其原生生态系统中起着关键作用。如果到200年，全球125万种螨虫物种中有15％消失，那么我们正在说的是成千上万的物种灭绝—研究人员预测，这一数字将继续上升。

Simeulue Hill mynas—An alarming paper called this an “extinction-in-process” of a previously undescribed bird that probably went extinct in the wild in the past two to three years due to overcollection for the songbird trade. A few may still exist in captivity—for now.

Simeulue Hill mynas —令人震惊的论文称这是一种先前没有描述的鸟类的“进行中的灭绝”，由于鸣鸟交易的过度收集，这种鸟类可能在过去的两到三年内在野外灭绝。目前，仍可能有一些人被囚禁。

17 freshwater fish from Lake Lanao, Mindanao, the Philippines—A combination of predatory invasive species, overharvesting and destructing fishing methods (such as dynamite fishing) wiped these lost species out. The IUCN this year listed 15 of the species as “extinct” following extensive searches and surveys; the remaining two as “critically endangered (possibly extinct).” The predators, by the way, are still doing just fine. Here are the 15 extinct species:

来自菲律宾棉兰老岛拉纳奥湖的17条淡水鱼-掠夺性入侵物种，过度捕捞和破坏性捕鱼方法（如炸药捕鱼）的结合，将这些丧失的物种消灭了。经过广泛的搜索和调查，IUCN今年将15个物种列为“灭绝”。其余两个被称为“极度濒危（可能已绝种）”。顺便说一下，这些掠食者仍然表现良好。这是15个已灭绝的物种：

Barbodes disa—last seen in 1964.

Barbodes truncatulus—last seen in 1973.

Barbodes pachycheilus—last seen in 1964.

Barbodes palaemophagus—last seen in 1975.

Barbodes amarus—Last seen in 1982.

Barbodes manalak—Once a commercially valuable fish, last seen in 1977.

Barbodes clemensi—last seen in 1975.

Barbodes flavifuscus—last seen in 1964.

Barbodes katolo—last seen in 1977.

Barbodes palata—last seen in 1964.

Barbodes baoulan—last seen in 1991.

Barbodes herrei—last seen in 1974, when just 40 pounds’ worth of fish were caught.

Barbodes lanaoensis—last seen in 1964.

Barbodes resimus—last seen in 1964.

Barbodes tras—last seen in 1976.