在iOS开发过程中,我们要对某个对象进行拷贝的时候,一般会用copy
和mutableCopy
两种方法,在刚接触iOS的时候,我一般把copy
称为浅拷贝,mutableCopy
称为深拷贝,但是随着不断踩坑,才发现对不同类型的对象执行拷贝操作,得到的结果跟自己的预期并不一致。然后看了网上诸多关于深浅拷贝的文章,再结合自己写代码测试,才慢慢理解到,其实iOS中的深浅拷贝得到的结果,是跟拷贝对象的类型有关系的。
在iOS开发中,一般情况下,拷贝对象大概分为3种:非集合对象、集合对象、自定义对象。好了,话不多讲,以下就是针对这三种不同类型对象所写的深浅拷贝测试代码。
1、iOS中非集合类的深浅拷贝
非集合类对象深浅拷贝示例代码:
- (void)stringCopy{
NSString *str = @"123456";
// 内容内存地址不变,共用同一块内存
NSString *cpyStr = [str copy];
// 内容地址改变,另外开辟一块内存空间,内容可变
NSMutableString *mutCpyStr = [str mutableCopy];
// str = 0x10e6d9068; copyStr = 0x10e6d9068; mutStr = 0x604000253f20;
NSLog(@"NSString内容地址:str = %p; copyStr = %p; mutStr = %p;",str,cpyStr,mutCpyStr);
// str = 0x7fff51525be8; copyStr = 0x7fff51525be0; mutStr = 0x7fff51525bd8;
NSLog(@"NSstring指针地址:str = %p; copyStr = %p; mutStr = %p;",&str,&cpyStr,&mutCpyStr);
}
- (void)mutableStringCopy{
NSMutableString *formatStr = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"呵呵哒🙄"];
// 内容地址改变,开辟一块内存空间,内容不可变
NSString *cpyStr = [formatStr copy];
// 内容地址改变,开辟一块内存空间,内容可变
NSMutableString *mutCpyStr = [formatStr mutableCopy];
// str = 0x600000249690; copyStr = 0x600000249cc0; mutStr = 0x600000249750;
NSLog(@"NSMutableString内容地址:str = %p; copyStr = %p; mutStr = %p;",formatStr,cpyStr,mutCpyStr);
// str = 0x7fff51525be8; copyStr = 0x7fff51525be0; mutStr = 0x7fff51525bd8;
NSLog(@"NSMutableString指针地址:str = %p; copyStr = %p; mutStr = %p;",&formatStr,&cpyStr,&mutCpyStr);
}
由上面的代码可以看出,非集合对象的拷贝规律是这样的:
- 不可变的非集合对象copy,指针拷贝,共用同一片内存;
- 不可变的非集合对象mutableCopy,创建新内存空间,成为可变对象;
- 可变的非集合对象copy,创建新内存空间,成为不可变对象;
- 可变的非集合对象mutableCopy,创建新内存空间。
2、iOS中集合类的深浅拷贝
集合类的拷贝主要分为下面三种类型:
- 浅复制(shallow copy):在浅复制操作时,对于被复制对象的每一层都是指针复制。
- 深复制(one-level-deep copy):在深复制操作时,对于被复制对象,至少有一层是深复制。
- 完全复制(real-deep copy):在完全复制操作时,对于被复制对象的每一层都是对象复制。
来自苹果官方的解释图例:
集合的深浅拷贝示例代码:
- (void)collectionCopy{
NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"呵呵哒"];
NSMutableString *mutStr = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"萌萌哒"];
NSArray *arr = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"one", @"two", @"three", nil];
// 不可变集合对象只包含非集合对象
NSArray *imutArr1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:str, mutStr, nil];
// 浅复制,创建一个指针直接指向已有内存空间
NSArray *cpyImutArr1 = [imutArr1 copy];
// 深复制,创建新的集合内存空间,新瓶装老酒
NSMutableArray *mutCpyImutArr1 = [imutArr1 mutableCopy];
// 创建新的集合内存空间,并且对集合内元素进行 copy 操作
NSMutableArray *initArr1 = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithArray:imutArr1 copyItems:YES];
// 完全深复制,如果元素是自定义类型,需要实现NSCoding协议
NSArray *deepCpyArr1 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:imutArr1]];
NSLog(@"\n imutArr1 info : pointer = %p; content = %p; first = %p; second = %p; third = %p",&imutArr1, imutArr1, imutArr1[0], imutArr1[1], imutArr1[2]);
// imutArr1 info : pointer = 0x7fff5d946bc8; content = 0x604000443960; first = 0x604000037520; second = 0x604000442d30; third = 0x6040004446e0
NSLog(@"\n cpyImutArr1 info : pointer = %p; content = %p; first = %p; second = %p; third = %p",&cpyImutArr1, cpyImutArr1, cpyImutArr1[0], cpyImutArr1[1], cpyImutArr1[2]);
// cpyImutArr1 info : pointer = 0x7fff5d946bc0; content = 0x604000443960; first = 0x604000037520; second = 0x604000442d30; third = 0x6040004446e0
NSLog(@"\n mutCpyImutArr1 info : pointer = %p; content = %p; first = %p; second = %p; third = %p",&mutCpyImutArr1, mutCpyImutArr1, mutCpyImutArr1[0], mutCpyImutArr1[1], mutCpyImutArr1[2]);
// mutCpyImutArr1 info : pointer = 0x7fff5d946bb8; content = 0x604000444290; first = 0x604000037520; second = 0x604000442d30; third = 0x6040004446e0
NSLog(@"\n initArr1 info : pointer = %p; content = %p; first = %p; second = %p; third = %p",&initArr1, initArr1, initArr1[0], initArr1[1], initArr1[2]);
// initArr1 info : pointer = 0x7fff5d946bb0; content = 0x604000442e80; first = 0x604000037520; second = 0x604000231aa0; third = 0x6040004446e0
NSLog(@"\n deepCpyArr1 info : pointer = %p; content = %p; first = %p; second = %p; third = %p",&deepCpyArr1, deepCpyArr1, deepCpyArr1[0], deepCpyArr1[1], deepCpyArr1[2]);
// deepCpyArr1 info : pointer = 0x7fff5d946ba8; content = 0x604000443210; first = 0x604000231ce0; second = 0x604000444710; third = 0x6040004441d0
// 可变集合对象包含集合对象
NSMutableArray *mutArr2 = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:str, mutStr, arr, nil];
// 深复制,创建新的集合内存空间,内容不变,新的集合不可变
NSMutableArray *cpyMutArr2 = [mutArr2 copy];
// 深复制,创建新的集合内存空间,内容不变
NSMutableArray *mutCpyMutArr2 = [mutArr2 mutableCopy];
NSLog(@"\n mutArr2 info : pointer = %p; content = %p; first = %p; second = %p; third = %p",&mutArr2, mutArr2, mutArr2[0], mutArr2[1], mutArr2[2]);
// mutArr2 info : pointer = 0x7fff53507bc8; content = 0x60400025e2a0; first = 0x60400023fa40; second = 0x60400025d2b0; third = 0x60400025f710
NSLog(@"\n cpyMutArr2 info : pointer = %p; content = %p; first = %p; second = %p; third = %p",&cpyMutArr2, cpyMutArr2, cpyMutArr2[0], cpyMutArr2[1], cpyMutArr2[2]);
// cpyMutArr2 info : pointer = 0x7fff53507bc0; content = 0x60400025d760; first = 0x60400023fa40; second = 0x60400025d2b0; third = 0x60400025f710
NSLog(@"\n mutCpyImutArr1 info : pointer = %p; content = %p; first = %p; second = %p; third = %p",&mutCpyMutArr2, mutCpyMutArr2, mutCpyMutArr2[0], mutCpyMutArr2[1], mutCpyMutArr2[2]);
// mutCpyImutArr1 info : pointer = 0x7fff53507bb8; content = 0x60400025d310; first = 0x60400023fa40; second = 0x60400025d2b0; third = 0x60400025f710
}
通过代码和日志可以看出:
不可变集合的拷贝规律大概是这样的:
[immutableObject copy] // 浅复制,指针复制
[immutableObject mutableCopy] //深复制,不是完全复制,容器是新的可变容器,内容还是旧的可变集合的拷贝规律大概是这样的:
[mutableObject copy] //深复制 返回对象为immutable
[mutableObject mutableCopy] //深复制,不是完全复制,容器是新的可变容器,内容还是旧的
若想要实现完全拷贝,则需要使用下面的代码:
NSArray *newArr = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:oldArr]];
至于拷贝后的集合是否可变,则跟旧集合的是否可变一致。值得注意的是,如果集合内含有自定义的类对象,则该类需要实现NSCoding协议。
如果根据集合重新init一个新的集合出来,就像这样子:
NSMutableArray *newArr = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithArray:arr copyItems:YES];
那么生成的新集合中的元素,并不一定都是完全拷贝的。因为执行上面的代码,只会对集合内的元素执行copy方法。
3、iOS中自定义对象的深浅拷贝
iOS中自定义对象要想实现拷贝,必须要实现NSCopying或者NSMutableCopying协议。
自定义对象实现拷贝示例代码:
// Cat.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Cat : NSObject <NSCopying, NSMutableCopying>
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSUInteger age;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@end
// Cat.m
#import "Cat.h"
@implementation Cat
- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
return self;
}
- (instancetype)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
Cat *cat = [[Cat alloc] init];
cat.name = @"hello";
return cat;
}
@end
从代码可以看出,自定义类要遵守NSCopy协议或者NSMutableCopy协议,拷贝协议的代码由自己来实现,那么自定义类对象执行Copy或者mutableCopy所得的结果,无论是指针层面的浅拷贝,还是完全拷贝,都是由自己来决定的。值得注意的是,如果集合里面包含了自定义类对象,那么要用NSKeyedArchiver/NSKeyedUnarchiver实现集合的完全拷贝,则需要自定义类实现NSCoding协议。
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
self = [super init];
if (self == nil){
return nil;
}
self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
// 依次写下想要decode的属性
return self;
}
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
[aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"name"];
// 依次写下想要encode的属性
}
(此文完结)
作者:薛小全,开发者,擅长Objective-C,HTML,CSS,JavaScript。