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为何在Fresco,Glide这么强大的背景下,我又想起了当初的Picasso,又为何写这篇文章?是因为最近项目采用了square公司的RxAndroid,Retrofit和OKhttp, 不得不联想到这个公司曾经还有款图片加载Picasso,所以采用了square公司的全家桶来进行项目开发,为了减少开发成本和也防止Apk增大,毕竟一个公司的框架之前兼容性不用担心,那么请让我们回顾一下Picasso之路
首先先让我们看看主流图片加载库
Picasso,Square公司的开源项目 ,和Square的网络库一起能发挥最大作用。占用内存小,自身不带缓存,需依赖OKhttps实现缓存,不支持gif图片
Fresco,FB的明星项目,也是2015最火的项目之一,匿名共享缓存等机制保证低端机表现极佳,但是源代码基于C/C++,阅读困难度提升。效率高,sdk库占用包体积比较大
Glide,Google员工私人项目,但是Google很多项目在用,占用内存小,减低oom更靠谱,相对Picasso在Gif方面有优势,并自带缓存功能!
我做了一个实验对比 用一个普通listview加载50张图片,并快速滑动列表,下面分别是glide和picasso消耗内存图
分析后得出 一个占用内存大 一个占用cpu资源大, 这种区别是由于picasso只缓存一张大图,每次加载根据imagview的大小裁剪,因此消耗的cpu资源高,glide是分别存储不同尺寸的小图,每次不用计算,因此消耗内存比较多,加载速度相对Picasso也快,但也很耗流量.
为了避免OOM, 我毫不犹豫选择了消耗内存较小的picasso, Fresco不用说都是加载速度第一的框架,采用c库 ,我没做集成测试,具体消耗多少cpu资源我无法给出数据,据说业界第一,但是对apk大小要求的项目很可能不太合适,这里对Apk包体积要求不高的项目,Fresco是优先的首选。
喜欢glide的朋友可以看看这篇文章 :http://mrfu.me/2016/02/27/Glide_Getting_Started/
实验测试并做了简单比较后,为何还要继续说Picasso,不是说他有多快多流畅,只是当你使用了square公司其他的开源项目,会发现他们都会依赖okhttp,okhttp的强大不言而喻,一个网络库可以无缝隙的对接Retrofit和Picasso.今天只介绍piacsso相关的,说说picasso(官方:https://github.com/square/picasso) 的一些常用技巧!
Picasso
使用方式:
配置gradle
dependencies {
c
compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.3.1'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.3.1'
}
据说目前的2.5.3已修复了2.52无法兼容okhttp3的问题,但我还是选择了2.52版本。
基本加载用法
Picasso.with(getApplication())
.load(url)
.into(imageView);
以上用法很简单,加载图片时提供url插入到imageview即可,picasso其他强大功还没有太多的理解的同学请Follow Me!
裁剪图片
Picasso.with(getApplication()).resize(width, height);
这句方法会出现bug,误用!
请用Transformation来进行转义实现:
Picasso.with(getApplication())
.load(url)
.transform(new PaTransformation(width, height)).into(imageView);
Transformation可以拦截到picasoo返回的bitmap,拿着bitmap随心所欲!
public class TamicTransformation implements Transformation {
private int width;
private int height;
private String key;
public PaTransformation(int width, int height) {
this(width, height, width + "*" + height);
}
public PaTransformation(int width, int height, String key) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
this.key = key;
}
@Override
public Bitmap transform(Bitmap source) {
略 拿着source进行裁剪缩放即可
if (result != source) {
// Same bitmap is returned if sizes are the same
source.recycle();
}
return result;
}
@Override
public String key() {
return key;
}
}
列如处理圆形头像
public class CircleTransformation implements Transformation {
private static final int STROKE_WIDTH = 5;
@Override
public Bitmap transform(Bitmap source) {
int size = Math.min(source.getWidth(), source.getHeight());
int x = (source.getWidth() - size) / 2;
int y = (source.getHeight() - size) / 2;
Bitmap squaredBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(source, x, y, size, size);
if (squaredBitmap != source) {
source.recycle();
}
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(size, size,source.getConfig());
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
Paint avatarPaint = new Paint();
BitmapShader shader = new BitmapShader(squaredBitmap, BitmapShader.TileMode.CLAMP, BitmapShader.TileMode.CLAMP);avatarPaint.setShader(shader);
Paint outlinePaint = new Paint();
outlinePaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
outlinePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
outlinePaint.setStrokeWidth(STROKE_WIDTH);
outlinePaint.setAntiAlias(true);
float r = size / 2f;
canvas.drawCircle(r, r, r, avatarPaint);
canvas.drawCircle(r, r, r - STROKE_WIDTH / 2, outlinePaint);
squaredBitmap.recycle();
return bitmap;
}
@Override
public String key() {
return "circle)";
}
}
接着设置渲染模式
Picasso.with(getApplication()) .fit().centerCrop()
清空缓存
新的版本2.52 已经无法直接拿到之前的cache,因此可以用Picasso.invalidate()的实现清楚缓存!
以前我们可以这样
Clear.clearCache(Picasso.with(context));
但现在 不行了
稍加封装成了这样子:
void clearCache(Uri uri, File file, String path) {
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(uri.toString())) {
mPicasso.invalidate(uri);
return;
}
if (!NullUtils.isNull(file)) {
mPicasso.invalidate(file);
return;
}
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
mPicasso.invalidate(path);
}
}
当然也可以这样!
Picasso.with(getContext()).load(Url).memoryPolicy(MemoryPolicy.NO_CACHE).into(image);
在加载图片时直接不让做缓存!
加入缓存
当然2.5.2没做对oKhttp3.3的兼容,因此我们加入自定义的cilent,对okhttp做下缓存定制,请照着下面姿势作
构建OkHttpClient
// creat the OkHttpClient.
OkHttpClient client =new OkHttpClient
.Builder()
.cache(new Cache("你的缓存路径", 1000*1024))
.addInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(context, null))
.addNetworkInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(context, null))
.build();
拦截器Interceptor
拦截器大家都不陌生,尤其是玩过okhttp和retofit的朋友,那肯定是拦截http的拦截请求和响应的,
public class CaheInterceptor implements Interceptor {
private Context context;
public CaheInterceptor(@NonNull Context context) {
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();
if (NetworkUtil.isNetworkAvailable(context)) {
Response response = chain.proceed(request);
// read from cache for 60 s
int maxAge = 300;
String cacheControl = request.cacheControl().toString();
Log.e("Tamic", maxAge+ "s load cahe:" + cacheControl);
return response.newBuilder()
.removeHeader("Pragma")
.removeHeader("Cache-Control")
.header("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=" + maxAge)
.build();
} else {
Log.e("Tamic", " no network load cahe");
request = request.newBuilder()
.cacheControl(CacheControl.FORCE_CACHE)
.build();
Response response = chain.proceed(request);
//set cahe times is 3 days
int maxStale = 60 * 60 * 24 * 3;
return response.newBuilder()
.removeHeader("Pragma")
.removeHeader("Cache-Control")
.header("Cache-Control", "public, only-if-cached, max-stale=" + maxStale)
.build();
}
}
}
添加到Picasso中
// Generate the global default Picasso instance.
Picasso mPicasso = getPicasso(context, null);
mPicasso.setLoggingEnabled(true);
}
自定义DownLoader
为了兼容okhttp3.31 实现下载器!
public class ImageDownLoader implements Downloader {
OkHttpClient client = null;
public ImageDownLoader(OkHttpClient client) {
this.client = client;
}
@Override
public Response load(Uri uri, int networkPolicy) throws IOException {
CacheControl cacheControl = null;
if (networkPolicy != 0) {
if (NetworkPolicy.isOfflineOnly(networkPolicy)) {
cacheControl = CacheControl.FORCE_CACHE;
} else {
CacheControl.Builder builder = new CacheControl.Builder();
if (!NetworkPolicy.shouldReadFromDiskCache(networkPolicy)) {
builder.noCache();
}
if (!NetworkPolicy.shouldWriteToDiskCache(networkPolicy)) {
builder.noStore();
}
cacheControl = builder.build();
}
}
Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder().url(uri.toString());
if (cacheControl != null) {
builder.cacheControl(cacheControl);
}
okhttp3.Response response = client.newCall(builder.build()).execute();
int responseCode = response.code();
if (responseCode >= 300) {
response.body().close();
throw new ResponseException(responseCode + " " + response.message(), networkPolicy,
responseCode);
}
boolean fromCache = response.cacheResponse() != null;
ResponseBody responseBody = response.body();
return new Response(responseBody.byteStream(), fromCache, responseBody.contentLength());
}
@Override
public void shutdown() {
Cache cache = client.cache();
if (cache != null) {
try {
cache.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
}
}
接着将ImageDownLoader 加入到Picasso
/**
* Download Big Image only, Not singleton but shared cache
*/
public Picasso getPicasso(Context context) {
OkHttpClient client = getProgressBarClient();
return new Picasso.Builder(context)
.downloader(new ImageDownLoader(client))
.build();
}
/**
* Not singleton
*/
private OkHttpClient getProgressBarClient() {
return client.newBuilder()
.addInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(context))
.addNetworkInterceptor(new CaheInterceptor(contextr))
.build();
}
这样我们在做图片加载时 就可以:
getPicasso(context) .load(Url).into(image)
因此用了Picasso我们可以直接将缓存策略用到retrofit上去,其实一箭双雕,大大简化了开发成本!
如何支持Https
姿势很简单 利用上面构建好的downloader, 设置OkHttp的protocols即可,并构建ssl。
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.setHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
@Override
public boolean verify(String s, SSLSession sslSession) {
return true;
}
});
TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[] { new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(
java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] x509Certificates,
String s) throws java.security.cert.CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(
java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] x509Certificates,
String s) throws java.security.cert.CertificateException {
}
@Override
public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return new java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] {};
}
} };
try {
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sc.init(null, trustAllCerts, new java.security.SecureRandom());
client.setSslSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
clent.protocols(Collections.singletonList(Protocol.HTTP_1_1))
.build();
final Picasso picasso = new Picasso.Builder(this)
.downloader(new ImageDownloader(client))
.build();
Picasso.setSingletonInstance(picasso);
优化相关
优化不缓存策略
public RequestCreator skipMemoryCache(RequestCreator requestCreator) {
return requestCreator.memoryPolicy(MemoryPolicy.NO_STORE, MemoryPolicy.NO_CACHE)
.networkPolicy(NetworkPolicy.NO_STORE, NetworkPolicy.NO_CACHE);
}
降低内存消耗
设置RGB_565编码格式,降低内存消耗
public RequestCreator cutDownMemory(RequestCreator requestCreator) {
return requestCreator.config(Bitmap.Config.RGB_565);
}
取消加载
public class TamicImageView extends ImageView {
public TamicImageView(Context context) {
this(context, null, 0);
}
public TamicImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
public TamicImageView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
}
@Override
protected void onDetachedFromWindow() {
super.onDetachedFromWindow();
// 不可见时释放Bitmap
setImageDrawable(null);
// 暂停加载
mPicasso.pauseTag(this);
}
}
还有很多api,比如:
requestCreator.tag(tag);设置key
requestCreator.error(); 设置加载失败图片
mPicasso.pauseTag(); 暂停加载
mPicasso.resumeTag();恢复加载
mPicasso.cancelRequest();取消加载
requestCreator.priority()优先级
requestCreator..rotate() 旋转之类
下面说几个常用的api
扩展加载
当然还有一个对通知栏加载的api
通知栏支持
into(RemoteViews remoteViews, int viewId, int notificationId,Notification notification)
widget支持
into(RemoteViews remoteViews, int viewId, int[] appWidgetIds)
第一个是远程视图,第二个view Id 第三个是widget的id数组
预加载
有返回值
Picasso.with(context).load(url).get()
此api可以预先加载图片到disk和内存中,并有返回值Bitmap,此api必须同步调用,不能用UI主线程去调用,通常我们可以用在viewpager中预加载后面index的图片,或者提前拿到目标bitmap来进行业务操作,或者一些效果处理。
无返回值
Picasso.with(context).load(url).fetch()
也有预加载图片功能,此api可以在主线程调用,主要有callback实现,提供失败和成功函数供上层调用。但无法获取的加载好的图片资源。
public static class EmptyCallback implements Callback {
@Override public void onSuccess() {
}
@Override public void onError() {
}
}
}
取消加载
- cancelRequest(ImageView imageView)
- cancelTag(Object obj)
- cancelRequest(Target)
主要以后上面的三种方式,第一个不明思议,就是取消某个view的加载请求,通常我们在activity死亡时候调用,第三个方法方法是我们取消某个指定的加载action, 譬如一次加载中设置了picasso的 Picasso.with(context).tag()时,就可以用cancelTag("tag")取消指定的请求,那么最后一个又是什么,他需要我们加入Tag的包装类 Target来进行回调请求处理。方便开发者上层对取消流程的控制。
mPicasso.cancelRequest(new Target() {
@Override
public void onBitmapLoaded(Bitmap bitmap, Picasso.LoadedFrom afrom) {
}
@Override
public void onBitmapFailed(Drawable errorDrawable) {
}
@Override
public void onPrepareLoad(Drawable placeHolderDrawable) {
}
});
另外还有一个对通知栏图片的取消的接口
cancelRequest(RemoteViews remoteViews, int viewId)
通知栏的VIEW大家都非常熟悉,都是用RemoteViews 来进行转换展现的,那么在通知被cancel时我们就可以直接调用这个取消的方法
后记
总之虽然picasso 并不是最快的图片加载框架,但是他在基本的加载本地和网络图片基础上,还能很好的提供了让我们自我扩展能力,其扩展性和适应性更强,相信你结合了ohttp+ rxJava + Picasso 后你会发现他确实适合你!
如果你爱好glide请看这篇完美的文章:glide系列教程