用Python写命令行程序的时候，单一的输出颜色太单调。其实我们可以加些色彩，比如用红色表示警告，绿色表示结果正常等。网上也有几篇类似的帖子，但是没有把问题讲清楚，贴的代码也不是太清晰。这里，对Windows下CMD输出彩色进行完整的讲解和易用的代码函数库展示。
原理解析参见：http://my.oschina.net/bluefly/blog/311209
Paste_Image.png
核心代码介绍
std_out_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
def set_cmd_text_color(color, handle=std_out_handle):
Bool = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color)
return Bool
- set_cmd_text_color(这里参数要填颜色的16进制编码)
颜色的讲解：
这个函数支持2位十六进制编码，比如0x12,0x03,0xef。取值都是0~f。区别在于，前一位指的是背景色，后一位指的是前景色，我们为了方便，可以给这些颜色编码定义一些有意义的别名。比如：
# Windows CMD命令行 字体颜色定义 text colors
FOREGROUND_BLACK = 0x00 # black.
FOREGROUND_DARKBLUE = 0x01 # dark blue.
FOREGROUND_DARKGREEN = 0x02 # dark green.
FOREGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x03 # dark skyblue.
FOREGROUND_DARKRED = 0x04 # dark red.
FOREGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x05 # dark pink.
FOREGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x06 # dark yellow.
FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x07 # dark white.
FOREGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x08 # dark gray.
FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x09 # blue.
FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0a # green.
FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0x0b # skyblue.
FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0c # red.
FOREGROUND_PINK = 0x0d # pink.
FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0e # yellow.
FOREGROUND_WHITE = 0x0f # white.
# Windows CMD命令行 背景颜色定义 background colors
BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x10 # dark blue.
BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x20 # dark green.
BACKGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x30 # dark skyblue.
BACKGROUND_DARKRED = 0x40 # dark red.
BACKGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x50 # dark pink.
BACKGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x60 # dark yellow.
BACKGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x70 # dark white.
BACKGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x80 # dark gray.
BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x90 # blue.
BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0xa0 # green.
BACKGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0xb0 # skyblue.
BACKGROUND_RED = 0xc0 # red.
BACKGROUND_PINK = 0xd0 # pink.
BACKGROUND_YELLOW = 0xe0 # yellow.
BACKGROUND_WHITE = 0xf0 # white.
- 注意下边这句：把不同颜色进行或操作，结果肯定还是16种颜色的一种。
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
完整代码
我把每种颜色代码都封装成了易用的函数，可以根据需要在自己的程序里直接导入相应函数进行彩色输出。
比如原来是 print 'hello' 现在直接 printBlue('hello') 就可以了。
#! /usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import ctypes,sys
STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11
STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12
# 字体颜色定义 ,关键在于颜色编码，由2位十六进制组成，分别取0~f，前一位指的是背景色，后一位指的是字体色
#由于该函数的限制，应该是只有这16种，可以前景色与背景色组合。也可以几种颜色通过或运算组合，组合后还是在这16种颜色中
# Windows CMD命令行 字体颜色定义 text colors
FOREGROUND_BLACK = 0x00 # black.
FOREGROUND_DARKBLUE = 0x01 # dark blue.
FOREGROUND_DARKGREEN = 0x02 # dark green.
FOREGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x03 # dark skyblue.
FOREGROUND_DARKRED = 0x04 # dark red.
FOREGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x05 # dark pink.
FOREGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x06 # dark yellow.
FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x07 # dark white.
FOREGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x08 # dark gray.
FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x09 # blue.
FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0a # green.
FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0x0b # skyblue.
FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0c # red.
FOREGROUND_PINK = 0x0d # pink.
FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0e # yellow.
FOREGROUND_WHITE = 0x0f # white.
# Windows CMD命令行 背景颜色定义 background colors
BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x10 # dark blue.
BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x20 # dark green.
BACKGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x30 # dark skyblue.
BACKGROUND_DARKRED = 0x40 # dark red.
BACKGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x50 # dark pink.
BACKGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x60 # dark yellow.
BACKGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x70 # dark white.
BACKGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x80 # dark gray.
BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x90 # blue.
BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0xa0 # green.
BACKGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0xb0 # skyblue.
BACKGROUND_RED = 0xc0 # red.
BACKGROUND_PINK = 0xd0 # pink.
BACKGROUND_YELLOW = 0xe0 # yellow.
BACKGROUND_WHITE = 0xf0 # white.
# get handle
std_out_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
def set_cmd_text_color(color, handle=std_out_handle):
Bool = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color)
return Bool
#reset white
def resetColor():
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
###############################################################
#暗蓝色
#dark blue
def printDarkBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKBLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗绿色
#dark green
def printDarkGreen(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKGREEN)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗天蓝色
#dark sky blue
def printDarkSkyBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗红色
#dark red
def printDarkRed(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKRED)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗粉红色
#dark pink
def printDarkPink(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKPINK)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗黄色
#dark yellow
def printDarkYellow(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKYELLOW)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗白色
#dark white
def printDarkWhite(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗灰色
#dark gray
def printDarkGray(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKGRAY)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#蓝色
#blue
def printBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_BLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#绿色
#green
def printGreen(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_GREEN)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#天蓝色
#sky blue
def printSkyBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#红色
#red
def printRed(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_RED)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#粉红色
#pink
def printPink(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_PINK)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#黄色
#yellow
def printYellow(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_YELLOW)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#白色
#white
def printWhite(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_WHITE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
##################################################
#白底黑字
#white bkground and black text
def printWhiteBlack(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_BLACK | BACKGROUND_WHITE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#白底黑字
#white bkground and black text
def printWhiteBlack_2(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(0xf0)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#黄底蓝字
#white bkground and black text
def printYellowRed(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(BACKGROUND_YELLOW | FOREGROUND_RED)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
##############################################################
if __name__ == '__main__':
print
printDarkBlue(u'printDarkBlue:暗蓝色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkGreen(u'printDarkGreen:暗绿色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkSkyBlue(u'printDarkSkyBlue:暗天蓝色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkRed(u'printDarkRed:暗红色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkPink(u'printDarkPink:暗粉红色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkYellow(u'printDarkYellow:暗黄色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkWhite(u'printDarkWhite:暗白色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkGray(u'printDarkGray:暗灰色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printBlue(u'printBlue:蓝色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printGreen(u'printGreen:绿色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printSkyBlue(u'printSkyBlue:天蓝色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printRed(u'printRed:红色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printPink(u'printPink:粉红色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printYellow(u'printYellow:黄色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printWhite(u'printWhite:白色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printWhiteBlack(u'printWhiteBlack:白底黑字输出\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printWhiteBlack_2(u'printWhiteBlack_2:白底黑字输出（直接传入16进制参数）\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printYellowRed(u'printYellowRed:黄底红字输出\n'.encode('gb2312'))
