一、代码如下

var idCardNoUtil = {
    /*省,直辖市代码表*/
    provinceAndCitys: {11:"北京",12:"天津",13:"河北",14:"山西",15:"内蒙古",21:"辽宁",22:"吉林",23:"黑龙江",
        31:"上海",32:"江苏",33:"浙江",34:"安徽",35:"福建",36:"江西",37:"山东",41:"河南",42:"湖北",43:"湖南",44:"广东",
        45:"广西",46:"海南",50:"重庆",51:"四川",52:"贵州",53:"云南",54:"西藏",61:"陕西",62:"甘肃",63:"青海",64:"宁夏",
        65:"新疆",71:"台湾",81:"香港",82:"澳门",91:"国外"},

    /*每位加权因子*/
    powers: ["7","9","10","5","8","4","2","1","6","3","7","9","10","5","8","4","2"],

    /*第18位校检码*/
    parityBit: ["1","0","X","9","8","7","6","5","4","3","2"],

    /*性别*/
    genders: {male:"M",female:"F"},

    /*校验地址码*/
    checkAddressCode: function(addressCode){
        var check = /^[1-9]\d{5}$/.test(addressCode);
        if(!check) return false;
        if(idCardNoUtil.provinceAndCitys[parseInt(addressCode.substring(0,2))]){
            return true;
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    },

    /*校验日期码*/
    checkBirthDayCode: function(birDayCode){
        var check = /^[1-9]\d{3}((0[1-9])|(1[0-2]))((0[1-9])|([1-2][0-9])|(3[0-1]))$/.test(birDayCode);
        if(!check) return false;
        var yyyy = parseInt(birDayCode.substring(0,4),10);
        var mm = parseInt(birDayCode.substring(4,6),10);
        var dd = parseInt(birDayCode.substring(6),10);
        var xdata = new Date(yyyy,mm-1,dd);
        if(xdata > new Date()){
            return false;//生日不能大于当前日期
        }else if ( ( xdata.getFullYear() == yyyy ) && ( xdata.getMonth () == mm - 1 ) && ( xdata.getDate() == dd ) ){
            return true;
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    },

    /*计算校检码*/
    getParityBit: function(idCardNo){
        var id17 = idCardNo.substring(0,17);
        /*加权 */
        var power = 0;
        for(var i=0;i<17;i++){
            power += parseInt(id17.charAt(i),10) * parseInt(idCardNoUtil.powers[i]);
        }
        /*取模*/
        var mod = power % 11;
        return idCardNoUtil.parityBit[mod];
    },

    /*验证校检码*/
    checkParityBit: function(idCardNo){
        var parityBit = idCardNo.charAt(17).toUpperCase();
        if(idCardNoUtil.getParityBit(idCardNo) == parityBit){
            return true;
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    },

    /*校验15位或18位的身份证号码*/
    checkIdCardNo: function(idCardNo){
        //15位和18位身份证号码的基本校验
        var check = /^\d{15}|(\d{17}(\d|x|X))$/.test(idCardNo);
        if(!check) return false;
        //判断长度为15位或18位
        if(idCardNo.length==15){
            return idCardNoUtil.check15IdCardNo(idCardNo);
        }else if(idCardNo.length==18){
            return idCardNoUtil.check18IdCardNo(idCardNo);
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    },

    //校验15位的身份证号码
    check15IdCardNo: function(idCardNo){
        //15位身份证号码的基本校验
        var check = /^[1-9]\d{7}((0[1-9])|(1[0-2]))((0[1-9])|([1-2][0-9])|(3[0-1]))\d{3}$/.test(idCardNo);
        if(!check) return false;
        //校验地址码
        var addressCode = idCardNo.substring(0,6);
        check = idCardNoUtil.checkAddressCode(addressCode);
        if(!check) return false;
        var birDayCode = '19' + idCardNo.substring(6,12);
        //校验日期码
        check = idCardNoUtil.checkBirthDayCode(birDayCode);
        if(!check) return false;
        //验证校检码
        return idCardNoUtil.checkParityBit(idCardNo);
    },

    //校验18位的身份证号码
    check18IdCardNo: function(idCardNo){
        //18位身份证号码的基本格式校验
        var check = /^[1-9]\d{5}[1-9]\d{3}((0[1-9])|(1[0-2]))((0[1-9])|([1-2][0-9])|(3[0-1]))\d{3}(\d|x|X)$/.test(idCardNo);
        if(!check) return false;
        //校验地址码
        var addressCode = idCardNo.substring(0,6);
        check = idCardNoUtil.checkAddressCode(addressCode);
        if(!check) return false;
        //校验日期码
        var birDayCode = idCardNo.substring(6,14);
        check = idCardNoUtil.checkBirthDayCode(birDayCode);
        if(!check) return false;
        //验证校检码
        return idCardNoUtil.checkParityBit(idCardNo);
    },

    formateDateCN: function(day){
        var yyyy =day.substring(0,4);
        var mm = day.substring(4,6);
        var dd = day.substring(6);
        return yyyy + '-' + mm +'-' + dd;
    },

    //获取信息
    getIdCardInfo: function(idCardNo){
        var idCardInfo = {
            gender:"",  //性别
            birthday:"" // 出生日期(yyyy-mm-dd)
        };
        if(idCardNo.length==15){
            var aday = '19' + idCardNo.substring(6,12);
            idCardInfo.birthday=idCardNoUtil.formateDateCN(aday);
            if(parseInt(idCardNo.charAt(14))%2==0){
                idCardInfo.gender=idCardNoUtil.genders.female;
            }else{
                idCardInfo.gender=idCardNoUtil.genders.male;
            }
        }else if(idCardNo.length==18){
            var aday = idCardNo.substring(6,14);
            idCardInfo.birthday=idCardNoUtil.formateDateCN(aday);
            if(parseInt(idCardNo.charAt(16))%2==0){
                idCardInfo.gender=idCardNoUtil.genders.female;
            }else{
                idCardInfo.gender=idCardNoUtil.genders.male;
            }

        }
        return idCardInfo;
    },

    /*18位转15位*/
    getId15: function(idCardNo){
        if(idCardNo.length==15){
            return idCardNo;
        }else if(idCardNo.length==18){
            return idCardNo.substring(0,6) + idCardNo.substring(8,17);
        }else{
            return null;
        }
    },

    /*15位转18位*/
    getId18: function(idCardNo){
        if(idCardNo.length==15){
            var id17 = idCardNo.substring(0,6) + '19' + idCardNo.substring(6);
            var parityBit = idCardNoUtil.getParityBit(id17);
            return id17 + parityBit;
        }else if(idCardNo.length==18){
            return idCardNo;
        }else{
            return null;
        }
    }
};

二、使用

• 验证身份证的正确性

idCardNoUtil.checkIdCardNo(idCard);
// true 验证通过，身份证号码正确
// false 身份证号码错误

• 根据身份证号，获取性别

idCardNoUtil.getIdCardInfo(idCard).gender;
// M 男
// F 女
// "  " 如果身份证号码错误，则返回 "  "

• 根据身份证号，获取出生日期

idCardNoUtil.getIdCardInfo(idCard).birthday
// '1992-01-01'
// "  " 如果身份证号码错误，则返回 "  "

• 根据身份证号，获取年龄

function getAge(idCard){
    var strBirthday = idCardNoUtil.getIdCardInfo(idCard).birthday;
    var returnAge;
    var strBirthdayArr=strBirthday.split("-");
    var birthYear = strBirthdayArr[0];
    var birthMonth = strBirthdayArr[1];
    var birthDay = strBirthdayArr[2];

    d = new Date();
    var nowYear = d.getFullYear();
    var nowMonth = d.getMonth() + 1;
    var nowDay = d.getDate();

    if(nowYear == birthYear){
        returnAge = 0;//同年 则为0岁
    }
    else{
        var ageDiff = nowYear - birthYear ; //年之差
        if(ageDiff > 0){
            if(nowMonth == birthMonth) {
                var dayDiff = nowDay - birthDay;//日之差
                if(dayDiff < 0)
                {
                    returnAge = ageDiff - 1;
                }
                else
                {
                    returnAge = ageDiff ;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                var monthDiff = nowMonth - birthMonth;//月之差
                if(monthDiff < 0)
                {
                    returnAge = ageDiff - 1;
                }
                else
                {
                    returnAge = ageDiff ;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            returnAge = -1;//返回-1 表示出生日期输入错误 晚于今天
        }
    }
    return returnAge;//返回周岁年龄
}