——如何阅读一本书笔记 18
Part 3 Approaches to Different Kinds of Reading Matter
CH18 How to Read Philosophy
Philosophy, according to Aristotle, begins inwonder. It certainly begins in childhood, even if for most of us it stops there, too.
亚里士多德说，哲学始于怀疑。怀疑始于孩童，止于孩童。
伟大的哲学家能够保留孩子看世界的眼光，同时有老道的意识到用这种眼光看世界的意义。
这一章节因为作者大量引用哲学家的观点，导致读起来有点困难，容易被深奥的哲理困住，我的读法是跳过自己不理解，或者难理解的哲学问题，只关注如何解决相关的阅读问题这一条主线。
作者从哲学家们为什么能够提出孩童般简单的问题，而我们不能的问题入手:
1.分析哲学家提出的两组不同的问题（ theoretical or speculative, normative),
2.分析当代哲学和传统著作的区别（本书解决的是传统著作）
3.分析哲学的方法（唯一的方法：thinking)
4.哲学著作的形式（5种，对话，论文或散文，驳论，哲学系统化，寓言）
5.阅读建议（阅读论述性作品的方法更适用于哲学作品，要想抓住作者的中心思想，就要找到TERMS, PROPOSTIONS和ARGUMENTS, 离不开思考）
Words & Phrases (每日五词）
1.Proffer
hold out (something) to someone for acceptance; offer
提出; 提供：
he proffered his resignation.
他提出辞职。
2.dogmatism noun
the tendency to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true, without consideration of evidence or the opinions of others
教条主义; 教条的倾向：
a culture of dogmatism and fanaticism.
一种崇尚教条和陷于狂热盲从的文化。
3.gibberish
unintelligible or meaningless speech or writing; nonsense
令人费解（或毫无意义）的话（或文字）; 胡言乱语：
he talks gibberish.
他满口莫名其妙的话。
4. canonical
included in the list of sacred books officially accepted as genuine
真经的, 正经的：
the canonical Gospels of the New Testament.
《新约全书》的真《福音书》。
accepted as being accurate and authoritative
准确的; 权威的：
the canonical method of comparative linguistics.
比较语言学的权威方法。
(of a writer or work) belonging to the literary canon
（作家, 作品）经典的：
canonical writers like Jane Austen.
诸如简·奥斯丁这样的经典作家们。
5. orthodox
(of a person or their views, especially religious or political ones, or other beliefs or practices) conforming to what is generally or traditionally accepted as right or true; established and approved
（人, 观点, 尤指宗教政治观点或其他信仰、习俗）正统的; 正宗的：
Burke's views were orthodox in his time
在他那个时代, 伯克的观点是很正统的
Summary of chapter 18
In this chapter, the author begins with the questions often asked by babies which are similar to the questions asked by philosophers. He wants to tell us that how much it is important for to to develop actively inquisitive minds alive with real questions
There are two kinds of groups questions asked by philosophers:
- theoretical or speculative
- normative
Philosophical Method:
- Thinking is the only way to answer these questions.
Philosophical style:
1Philosophical Dialogue:
2Philosophical treatise or essay:
3The meeting of objections:
4The systematization of philosophy:
5The aphoristic style:
Hints for reading Philosophy:
- to know the author’s controlling principles
- thinking
