Oracle 12 静默安装

静默安装Oracle 12数据库
实验环境：
操作系统：Centos 7.6 x64
数据库：Oracle 12c R2

一、安装前准备
1、创建用户和组

[root@wjq ~]# groupadd -g 1000 oinstall    //oinstall组：是清单目录组
[root@wjq ~]# groupadd -g 1001 dba       //dba组：用于数据库管理
[root@wjq ~]# useradd -u 600 -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@wjq ~]# passwd oracle

2、创建目录

[root@wjq ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

//规范Oracle部署为/u01
[root@wjq ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@wjq ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

3、查看物理内存、交换空间和文件系统大小

[root@wjq ~]# free -m   //确保有150M以上交换空间
 [root@wjq ~]# df -h     //确保有/u01目录有7G以上空间

4、安装软件包

Yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-
33.i686 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 ksh libgcc libgcc.i686 
libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libXext libXext.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 libXi libXi.i686 make sysstat

5、禁用SELinux和关闭防火墙

Setenforce 0      //关闭SElinux
Systemctl stop firewalld      //关闭防火墙

二、准备安装包及配置所需环境参数
1、下载安装包

下载地址：https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html#12c
下载Linux x86-64版本

2、下载安装包后上传至服务器指定安装包存放位置/package

Unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip -C /u01

3、设置内核参数

[root@wjq sofrware]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1349242060
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586
[root@wjq sofrware]# sysctl –a   //让内核参数文件立即生效

具体参数介绍：
shmmax=物理内存80%80%，单位是字节
kernel.shmmax：表示单个共享内存段的最大值，以字节为单位，此值一般为物理内存的一半，不过大一点也没关系，这里设定的为4GB，即“4294967295/1024/1024/1024=4G”。
kernel.shmmin：表示单个共享内存段的最小值，默认为1byte
kernel.shmall：表示整个系统范围内可用共享内存页的总量，单位是页（page），在32位系统上一页等于4kB，也就是4096字节。计算公式是：shmmax/PAGE_SIZE
kernel.shmmni：表示整个系统范围内内存段的最大数量，一般为4096.
ip_local_port_range ：表示端口的范围。在监听器帮助客户端进程和服务器进程建立连接时，会用到指定范围内的端口。
kernel.sem ：表示设置的信号量，这4个参数内容大小固定。
net.cor
4、修改控制源文件

[root@wjq sofrware]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle               soft    nproc   2047
oracle               hard    nproc   16384
oracle               soft    nofile  1024
oracle               hard    nofile  65536

5、修改Oracle主机名

[root@test05-2 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 oracle-host
[root@test05-2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
127.0.0.1 oracle-host

6、修改Oracle用户环境变量

[root@wjq sofrware]# su – oracle
[oracle@wjq ~]$ vim .bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=seiang
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export ORACLE_TERM=vt100
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin:$PATH
export BASE_PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export BASE_PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$BASE_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle-host
export DB_UNIQUE_NAME=prod
export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall
umask 022
[oracle@wjq ~]$ source .bash_profile   //使修改的环境变量生效

三、安装Oracle软件
1、相应文件模板的存放位置

[root@wjq sofrware]# find / -name *.rsp
/u01/sofrware/database/response/netca.rsp
/u01/sofrware/database/response/db_install.rsp
/u01/sofrware/database/response/dbca.rsp

2、修改Oracle数据库软件响应文件db_install.rsp

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

3、开始静默安装

[root@test05-2 ~]# su – oracle     //注意切换到Oracle用户进行操作
[oracle@test05-2 ~]$ cd /u01/database      //切换到database目录
在database路径下执行 ./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -responseFile /u01/sofrware/database/response/db_install.rsp

4、安装过程，以root用户运行相应的脚本

[root@wjq ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@wjq ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Check /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_wjq.comsys.com_2017-07-06_14-23-00-707842960.log for the output of root script

四、配置监听器
1、静默安装监听器

[oracle@wjqdatabase]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/netca -silent -responsefile  /u01/database/response/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /u01/sofrware/database/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control:
      /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
2、查看监听状态，并启动监听器
[oracle@wjq database]$ lsnrctl start
[oracle@wjq database]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 06-JUL-2017 14:46:27
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=wjq.comsys.com)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                06-JUL-2017 14:43:52
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 34 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/wjq/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=wjq.comsys.com)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

3、创建数据库

[oracle@wjq database]$ vim response/dbca.rsp
gdbName=prod.comsys.com
sid=seiang
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
sysPassword=oracle
systemPassword=oracle
oracleHomeUserPassword=oracle

4、静默创建数据库

/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1//bin/dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /u01/sofrware/database/response/dbca.rsp
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle 
recommended standards.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/prod/prod.log" for further details.

5、测试实例是否注册成功和能否登录到数据库

[oracle@wjq database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Jul 7 15:06:40 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL>
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN

至此，静态安装Oracle12.2结束