1. 这是什么词?
词:alternative
英英释义:something that you can choose instead of something else
例句:Equipped with best-in-class delivery networks, JD.com has become a popular alternative to Taobao.com.
2. 为什么选这个词?
“alternative” 既是形容词也是名词,今天我们学习它的名词用法。作为名词,alternative 表示“可供替代的”,是个可以用在口语和写作中,让表达更加简洁的单词。我们想表示“选择”时,除了“choice” “option”外,很多时候还可以使用 alternative。
比如对有些人来说,除了在淘宝上购物外,还会因为京东物流快而在京东上买东西,我们就可以说:
Equipped with best-in-class delivery networks, JD.com has become a popular alternative to Taobao.com.
要注意,alternative 后常接介词 to,A is an alternative to B,就是说“A 是 B 的替代品” “代替 B 做法的另一做法(A)”。
和我们前面学习的 panacea 一样,在说到问题的解决方案时,就可以用到alternative。
比如在写教育话题时,我们想表达为了满足不同的学习需求,学校除了提供实体课堂外,还应该为学生提供更多的选择,就可以说:
To cater to various learning needs, schools should offer students more alternatives, say online courses, to classes delivered on campus.
《经济学人》曾在一篇文章中引用过葡萄牙总理 Antonio Costa 的一句话:
“We showed that there is an alternative to ‘There is no alternative,’” says Mr Costa.
“别无选择”的英文可以说成“There is no alternative”。 当我们认为别无选择的时候,可以试着鼓励自己说一句:There is aways an alternative to “There is no alternative”。
3. 怎样学会使用这个词?
1)使用《牛津英语搭配词典》查“alternative”,了解它作为名词时的常用搭配。
alternative noun
[搭配]ADJ.
attractive, constructive, effective, good, radical, useful 诱人的/ 建设性的/ 有效的/ 好的/ 根本的/ 有用的选择
acceptable, available, credible, possible, practical, real, realistic, reasonable, satisfactory, serious, suitable, viable 可接受的/ 现有的/ 可信的/ 可能的/ 实用的/ 真实的/ 现实的/ 合理的/ 满意的/ 认真的/ 合适的/ 可行的选择:
Is there a viable alternative to prison? 除入狱外还有无其它可行的办法?
clear, obvious 明确的选择;显而易见的选择
cheap, healthy, interesting, safe 便宜的/ 健康的/ 有意思的/ 安全的替代 :a healthier alternative to fizzy drinks 比起泡饮料更健康的另一选择
[搭配]VERB + ALTERNATIVE
have 有选择:We have two alternatives. 我们有两个选择。
offer, provide 提供选择:His idea seemed to offer a possible alternative. 他的想法似乎提供了另一种可能的选择。
seek 寻找替代物:seeking alternatives to nuclear power 寻找核能的替代物
find 找替代品:We’ll have to find an alternative. 我们必须找到替代品。
[搭配]PREP.
~ for 给… 的选择:There is no alternative for those with no car of their own. 没有私家车的人就没有选择余地了。
~ to 除…以外的其它选择: Is there an alternative to surgery for this complaint? 除了手术外,这种毛病还有其它治疗方法吗?
[搭配]PHRASES
have little/no alternative (but to)(除…外)几乎/ 完全没有其它选择:
She had no alternative but to do as he said. 她别无选择,只能照他说的做。
leave sb with no alternative (but to)使某人别无选择(而只能…):
He was left with no alternative but to hobble to the nearest telephone box. 他别无他法,只能一瘸一拐地走到最近的电话亭。
2)翻译下面的句子:
如今,许多美国的大学除了接受托福成绩外,也接受雅思成绩。
Many universities in US accept IELTS now as an alternative to TOEFL.
In addition to TOEFL, Many Universities in United States also admit IELTS.
(参考翻译:Many universities in the United States now accept the IELTS as an alternative to the TOEFL.)
3)结合自己的生活、学习、工作、兴趣等,想象在什么语境下会用到这个表达。先简要描述这个场景,再造句。
例子: Reading on apps like Wechat Read are great alternatives to e-reader Kindle. For example, it is easier and more efficient to make notes and start a new book on apps than on Kindle. But if you read books in English, it is a good alternative on a kindle, I must admit that.
场景 :除了kindle,在手机app上看书比如微信阅读也是个超棒的选择。比如记笔记、开启一本新书的阅读都要比在kindle上简单高效。我也必须承认在kindle上阅读英语书还不错。