安全无处不在,趁着放假读了一下 Shiro 文档,并记录一下 Shiro 整合 Spring Boot 在数据库中根据角色控制访问权限
简介
Apache Shiro是一个功能强大、灵活的,开源的安全框架。它可以干净利落地处理身份验证、授权、企业会话管理和加密。
上图是 Shiro 的基本架构
Authentication(认证)
有时被称为“登录”,用来证明用户是用户他们自己本人
Authorization(授权)
访问控制的过程,即确定“谁”访问“什么”
Session Management(会话管理)
管理用户特定的会话,在 Shiro 里面可以发现所有的用户的会话信息都会由 Shiro 来进行控制
Cryptography(加密)
在对数据源使用加密算法加密的同时,保证易于使用
Start
环境
Spring Boot 1.5.9
MySQL 5.7
Maven 3.5.2
Spring Data Jpa
Lombok
添加依赖
这里只给出主要的 Shiro 依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.4.0-RC2</version>
</dependency>
配置
我们暂时只需要用户表、角色表,在 Spring boot 中修改配置文件将自动为我们创建数据库表
server:
port: 8888
spring:
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
username: root
password: root
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shiro?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
jpa:
generate-ddl: true
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
实体
Role.java
@Data
@Entity
public class Role {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Integer id;
private Long userId;
private String role;
}
User.java
@Data
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
private String username;
private String password;
}
Realm
首先建立 Realm 类,继承自 AuthorizingRealm,自定义我们自己的授权和认证的方法。Realm 是可以访问特定于应用程序的安全性数据(如用户,角色和权限)的组件。
Realm.java
public class Realm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
//授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
//从凭证中获得用户名
String username = (String) SecurityUtils.getSubject().getPrincipal();
//根据用户名查询用户对象
User user = userService.getUserByUserName(username);
//查询用户拥有的角色
List<Role> list = roleService.findByUserId(user.getId());
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
for (Role role : list) {
//赋予用户角色
info.addStringPermission(role.getRole());
}
return info;
}
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
//获得当前用户的用户名
String username = (String) authenticationToken.getPrincipal();
//从数据库中根据用户名查找用户
User user = userService.getUserByUserName(username);
if (userService.getUserByUserName(username) == null) {
throw new UnknownAccountException(
"没有在本系统中找到对应的用户信息。");
}
SimpleAuthenticationInfo info = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(),getName());
return info;
}
}
Shiro 配置类
ShiroConfig.java
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager securityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
Map<String, String> filterChainDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
//以下是过滤链,按顺序过滤,所以/**需要放最后
//开放的静态资源
filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/favicon.ico", "anon");//网站图标
filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/**", "authc");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterChainDefinitionMap);
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
@Bean
public DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager() {
DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager(myRealm());
return defaultWebSecurityManager;
}
@Bean
public MyRealm myRealm() {
MyRealm myRealm = new MyRealm();
return myRealm;
}
}
控制器
UserController.java
@Controller
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/")
public String index() {
return "index";
}
@GetMapping("/login")
public String toLogin() {
return "login";
}
@GetMapping("/admin")
public String admin() {
return "admin";
}
@PostMapping("/login")
public String doLogin(String username, String password) {
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
try {
subject.login(token);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "redirect:admin";
}
@GetMapping("/home")
public String home() {
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
try {
subject.checkPermission("admin");
} catch (UnauthorizedException exception) {
System.out.println("没有足够的权限");
}
return "home";
}
@GetMapping("/logout")
public String logout() {
return "index";
}
}
Service
UserService.java
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
public User getUserByUserName(String username) {
return userDao.findByUsername(username);
}
@RequiresRoles("admin")
public void send() {
System.out.println("我现在拥有角色admin,可以执行本条语句");
}
}
展示层
admin.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<html lang="en"/>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/login" method="post">
<input type="text" name="username" />
<input type="password" name="password" />
<input type="submit" value="登录" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
home.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<html lang="en"/>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
home
</body>
</html>
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<html lang="en"/>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
index
<a href="/login">请登录</a>
</body>
</html>
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<html lang="en"/>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/login" method="post">
<input type="text" name="username" />
<input type="password" name="password" />
<input type="submit" value="登录" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
总结
这个小案例实现了根据角色来控制用户访问,其中最重要的就是 Realm,它充当了Shiro与应用安全数据间的“桥梁”或者“连接器”