使用场景

在做接口自动化测试的时候，测试用例是写在excel中，在读取测试用例的过程中，字段类型都会转为字符串，但在发送请求参数的数据中有些是要转为dict，才可以正常得到响应值。所以这篇文章给大家介绍3种str-->dict方法：

上干货

干货一：eval()

user_info="{'username':'list','password':123456,'age':18,'sex':'man','hobby':'ball'}"
#转化前类型是：str
print(type(user_info))

print(eval(user_info))
#转化后类型是：dict
print(type(eval(user_info)))

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<class 'str'>
{'username': 'list', 'password': 123456, 'age': 18, 'sex': 'man', 'hobby': 'ball'}
<class 'dict'>

Process finished with exit code 0

warring：百度上说用eval方法会有安全性问题，有兴趣的自行百度，这里不做过多解释

干货二：json.loads()

import json
user_info="{'username':'list','password':123456,'age':18,'sex':'man','hobby':'ball'}"
print(type(user_info))

print(json.loads(user_info))

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\apiAutoTest\str_dict.py", line 16, in <module>
    print(type(json.loads(user_info_1)))
  File "C:\Python39\lib\json\__init__.py", line 346, in loads
    return _default_decoder.decode(s)
  File "C:\Python39\lib\json\decoder.py", line 337, in decode
    obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
  File "C:\Python39\lib\json\decoder.py", line 353, in raw_decode
    obj, end = self.scan_once(s, idx)
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes: line 1 column 2 (char 1)

###############################################################################################

import json
user_info='{"username":"list","password":123456,"age":18,"sex":"man","hobby":"ball"}'
user_info_1="{'username':'list','password':123456,'age':18,'sex':'man','hobby':'ball'}"

print(type(user_info))

print(json.loads(user_info))
print(type(json.loads(user_info)))

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<class 'str'>
{'username': 'list', 'password': 123456, 'age': 18, 'sex': 'man', 'hobby': 'ball'}
<class 'dict'>

Process finished with exit code 0

warring：报错原因是由于：json.loads（）只能识别key:value加了双引号的，单引号报错，要使用json.loads（）必须严格遵守规则。

干货三：ast.literal_eval()

import ast
user_info='{"username":"list","password":123456,"age":18,"sex":"man","hobby":"ball"}'
print(type(user_info))

print(ast.literal_eval(user_info))
print(type(ast.literal_eval(user_info)))

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<class 'str'>
{'username': 'list', 'password': 123456, 'age': 18, 'sex': 'man', 'hobby': 'ball'}
<class 'dict'>

Process finished with exit code 0

warring：这种方法解决的json.loads（）的单双引号问题。参考了一些博主也说解决了eval的安全性问题，具体是什么安全性问题，大家自行百度

image.png

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谢谢啦~~