centos7离线安装 mysql

此笔记内容所使用的安装包是tar.gz的包，不是rpm和在线安装。版本是mysql5系列的。

1.删除mariadb和mysql

mariadb是mysql的一个分支，但要安装mysql需要删除它
rpm -qa|grep mariadb,查看mariadb情况，有就删除
rpm -e -nodeps mariadb....名字

rpm -qa |grep mysql  查看是否已经有mysql有就删除
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
    显示：mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64

2.下载mysql安装包

查看自己的linux的版本
uname -a
查多少位系统
getconf LONG_BIT
到官网找对应的版本下载.并传到服务器上。

3.复制jar包、解压

cp mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /usr/local 
tar -xvf mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

把解压后的文件夹重命名为mysql。（这是linux下默认的mysql安装目录）

mv mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  mysql

注意：一定要解压在 usr/local下，并且名为mysql 否则还需要修改配置文件

4.添加用户组和用户

groupadd mysql和useradd -r -g mysql mysql
#给mysql添加密码
passwd mysql

5.修改配置文件

1.复制 cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf （my.cnf是mysql默认配置文件，没有就自己新建一个my.cnf）
2.编辑 my.cnf 解决乱码问题 vi /etc/my.cnf 加上下面内容

[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld_safe]
log-error =/usr/local/mysql/logs/error.log
[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve
#设置3306端口
port=3306
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M

3.复制mysql.server 到/etc/init.d/ 目录下【把启动脚本放在初始化目录，可以直接service mysql start 这样启动mysql】

cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql （mysql是服务名）

4.修改/etc/init.d/mysql 参数
输入命令 vi /etc/init.d/mysql
添加两个目录位置

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

5.给目录/usr/local/mysql 更改拥有者
输入命令

 chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
 chmod -R 777 /usr/local/mysql/

6.初始化如果出错就手动创建错误信息中的文件
在bin文件夹下执行
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql #会自动创建配置中的文件夹
可能需要手动创建 /usr/local/mysql/logs/error.log

6.初始化数据库

老版本：
进入mysql下的scripts ,如果你看到mysql_install_db
就输命令
./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --initialize
生成出一个data目录，代表数据库已经初始化成功。

新版本：
输入命令 ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

7.启动myql

service mysql start

如遇到错误：
Starting MySQL... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid).
解决方法：原因是没有初始化成功，返回完成初始化步骤。

8.把mysql放到默认路径

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/local/bin/mysql
启动客户端：mysql -uroot -p

9.更改环境变量

vi /etc/profile

export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql/
export PATH=\$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

配置好mysql环境变量后，我们往后登录mysql就不用再去到/usr/local/mysql/bin目录才能登录了，现在可以在任意目录下登录mysql了

10.设置mysql开机自启

执行：

chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig --level 35 mysql on
chkconfig --list mysql
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql

1、添加mysql服务
输入命令 chkconfig --add mysql 【mysqld -install】
2、设置mysql服务为自动
输入命令 chkconfig mysql on

11.无密码启动mysql

重置MySQL中root用户密码及验证

service mysql stop
killall -TERM mysqld
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

进入mysql后运行

UPDATE user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('your pass') where USER='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

退出，启动Mysql 服务
正常登录进入mysql后
还需执行

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('your pass');

才能正常执行所有语句。

12.设置远程登录

方式一
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO'your username'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
方式二
update user set host='%' where user='root';
可以创建新用户
create user 'xxx'@'%' identified by '123';
查看用户列表  localhost只有本地能访问， %可以远程访问。
select host,user from user;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

13.关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

14.附录：linux错误代码

errno.00 is: Success 成功
errno.01 is: Operation not permitted 不允许此类操作
errno.02 is: No such file or directory 没有此文件或目录
errno.03 is: No such process 没有此进程
errno.04 is: Interrupted system call 中断系统调用
errno.05 is: Input/output error 输入输出错误
errno.06 is: No such device or address 没有此设备或地址
errno.07 is: Argument list too long 参数过长
errno.08 is: Exec format error 执行格式错误
errno.09 is: Bad file descriptor 无效的文件描述符
errno.10 is: No child processes 不存在子进程
errno.11 is: Resource temporarily unavailable 资源暂时不可用
errno.12 is: Cannot allocate memory 分配内存失败
errno.13 is: Permission denied 权限错误
errno.14 is: Bad address 地址错误
errno.15 is: Block device required 块设备请求
errno.16 is: Device or resource busy 设备或资源忙
errno.17 is: File exists 文件已经存在
errno.18 is: Invalid cross-device link 无效的交叉连接设备
errno.19 is: No such device 没有此设备
errno.20 is: Not a directory 不是一个目录
errno.21 is: Is a directory 是一个目录
errno.22 is: Invalid argument 参数非法
errno.23 is: Too many open files in system 系统打开文件太多
errno.24 is: Too many open files 打开文件太多
errno.25 is: Inappropriate ioctl for device 设备部支持该操作
errno.26 is: Text file busy 文本文件忙
errno.27 is: File too large 文件太大
errno.28 is: No space left on device 设备没有空间，一般为存储设备
errno.29 is: Illegal seek 非法的seek操作
errno.30 is: Read-only file system 只读文件系统
errno.31 is: Too many links 太多连接
errno.32 is: Broken pipe 管道破裂
errno.33 is: Numerical argument out of domain 数值参数超出取值范围
errno.34 is: Numerical result out of range 数值结果超出取值范围
errno.35 is: Resource deadlock avoided 资源死锁
errno.36 is: File name too long 文件名太长
errno.37 is: No locks available 没有可用的锁
errno.38 is: Function not implemented 函数没有执行
errno.39 is: Directory not empty 目录非空
errno.40 is: Too many levels of symbolic links 太多级符号连接
errno.41 is: Unknown error 41 41未知错误
errno.42 is: No message of desired type 不被接受的消息类型
errno.43 is: Identifier removed 标识符已被删除
errno.44 is: Channel number out of range 。。。
errno.45 is: Level 2 not synchronized
errno.46 is: Level 3 halted
errno.47 is: Level 3 reset
errno.48 is: Link number out of range
errno.49 is: Protocol driver not attached
errno.50 is: No CSI structure available
errno.51 is: Level 2 halted
errno.52 is: Invalid exchange
errno.53 is: Invalid request descriptor
errno.54 is: Exchange full
errno.55 is: No anode
errno.56 is: Invalid request code
errno.57 is: Invalid slot
errno.58 is: Unknown error 58
errno.59 is: Bad font file format
errno.60 is: Device not a stream
errno.61 is: No data available
errno.62 is: Timer expired
errno.63 is: Out of streams resources
errno.64 is: Machine is not on the network
errno.65 is: Package not installed
errno.66 is: Object is remote
errno.67 is: Link has been severed
errno.68 is: Advertise error
errno.69 is: Srmount error
errno.70 is: Communication error on send
errno.71 is: Protocol error
errno.72 is: Multihop attempted
errno.73 is: RFS specific error
errno.74 is: Bad message
errno.75 is: Value too large for defined data type
errno.76 is: Name not unique on network
errno.77 is: File descriptor in bad state
errno.78 is: Remote address changed
errno.79 is: Can not access a needed shared library
errno.80 is: Accessing a corrupted shared library
errno.81 is: .lib secion in a.out corrupted
errno.82 is: Attempting to link in too many shared libraries
errno.83 is: Cannot exec a shared library directly
errno.84 is: Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character
errno.85 is: Interrupted system call should be restarted
errno.86 is: Streams pipe error
errno.87 is: Too many users
errno.88 is: Socket operation on non-socket
errno.89 is: Destination address required
errno.90 is: Message too long
errno.91 is: Protocol wrong type for socket
errno.92 is: Protocol not available
errno.93 is: Protocol not supported
errno.94 is: Socket type not supported
errno.95 is: Operation not supported
errno.96 is: Protocol family not supported
errno.97 is: Address family not supported by protocol
errno.98 is: Address already in use
errno.99 is: Cannot assign requested address
errno.100 is: Network is down
errno.101 is: Network is unreachable
errno.102 is: Network dropped connection on reset
errno.103 is: Software caused connection abort
errno.104 is: Connection reset by peer
errno.105 is: No buffer space available
errno.106 is: Transport endpoint is already connected
errno.107 is: Transport endpoint is not connected
errno.108 is: Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown
errno.109 is: Too many references: cannot splice
errno.110 is: Connection timed out
errno.111 is: Connection refused
errno.112 is: Host is down
errno.113 is: No route to host
errno.114 is: Operation already in progress
errno.115 is: Operation now in progress
errno.116 is: Stale NFS file handle
errno.117 is: Structure needs cleaning
errno.118 is: Not a XENIX named type file
errno.119 is: No XENIX semaphores available
errno.120 is: Is a named type file
errno.121 is: Remote I/O error
errno.122 is: Disk quota exceeded
errno.123 is: No medium found
errno.124 is: Wrong medium type
errno.125 is: Operation canceled
errno.126 is: Required key not available
errno.127 is: Key has expired
errno.128 is: Key has been revoked
errno.129 is: Key was rejected by service
errno.130 is: Owner died
errno.131 is: State not recoverable
errno.132 is: Unknown error 132
132-255全是Unknown error