git reset HEAD filename

将filename从暂存区退回到工作区
先进行提交到暂存区:

[lkc@lkcdeMacBook-Pro:] ~/Desktop/Code/gitSample $ git add a.txt
[lkc@lkcdeMacBook-Pro:] ~/Desktop/Code/gitSample $ git status
On branch dev
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

  modified:   a.txt

回退:

[lkc@lkcdeMacBook-Pro:] ~/Desktop/Code/gitSample $ git reset head
Unstaged changes after reset:
M a.txt
[lkc@lkcdeMacBook-Pro:] ~/Desktop/Code/gitSample $ git status
On branch dev
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

  modified:   a.txt

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

git reset head~n

 mixed方式,默认无参;    

回退版本,^和n代表版本数,这里直接回退到未暂存阶段
先用

git log -n

查看一下最近n次提交的日志:

lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git log -3
commit 037a1bdaa48667e2fa3e62678b3d3f62dc2b6b7b
Author: xxx <xxx.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 6 10:11:10 2017 +0800

    e2

commit f9c2fdc70cfa68d7c42466b5f8f3a5cab1bc651c
Author: xxx <xxx.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 6 10:10:26 2017 +0800

    a

commit 948836a561b210d14424a1efe631cda549b566f3
Author: lkc <lkc@lkcdeMacBook-Pro.local>
Date:   Mon Jun 5 17:10:15 2017 +0800

    commit information

回退之后查看:

lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git reset head~2
lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git log -3
commit 948836a561b210d14424a1efe631cda549b566f3
Author: lkc <lkc@lkcdeMacBook-Pro.local>
Date:   Mon Jun 5 17:10:15 2017 +0800

    commit information

git reset --soft head~1

将版本库软回退到前一个版本,就是将将本地版本库的头指针重置到上一个版本,且将这次回退之后的所有变更移到缓存区.

lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git log -3
commit c70659c624382a8b87de1c19063989fc38c44f4c
Author: xxx <xxx.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 6 10:22:49 2017 +0800

    e2,f2

commit 43e7ac4eddf470c30b29c9b37c53deb65cf78222
Author: xxx <xxx.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 6 10:22:22 2017 +0800

    c2,d2

commit 62fe9fd3c5fe0de520000bae8b435502663373c2
Author: xxx <xxx.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 6 10:22:08 2017 +0800

a2,b2

软回退:

lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git reset --soft head~1
lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git log -3
commit 43e7ac4eddf470c30b29c9b37c53deb65cf78222
Author: xxx <xxx.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 6 10:22:22 2017 +0800

    c2,d2

commit 62fe9fd3c5fe0de520000bae8b435502663373c2
Author: xxx <xxx.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 6 10:22:08 2017 +0800

    a2,b2

commit 948836a561b210d14424a1efe631cda549b566f3
Author: lkc <lkc@lkcdeMacBook-Pro.local>
Date:   Mon Jun 5 17:10:15 2017 +0800

    commit information
lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

  new file:   e.txt
  new file:   f.txt

git reset --hard head~1

回退版本,不仅将本地版本库的头指针指向上一个版本还会重置暂存区,并将本地的工作区代码也回退到该版本.
原来e.txt的内容:

this is e2.txt

修改后:

this is e3.txt

提交:

lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git add e.txt
lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git commit -m "e3"
[master 6b057ba] e3
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git log -2
commit 6b057ba047f012b13b822016fb3b2f8b6946ae4b
Author: xxx <xxx.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 6 10:32:25 2017 +0800

    e3

commit 99c0d29602438a20bf4007e2494b52044a58187b
Author: xxx <xxx.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 6 10:25:43 2017 +0800

    e3,f3    

回退并查看日志:

lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git reset --hard head~1
HEAD is now at 99c0d29 e3,f3
lkcdeMacBook-Pro:gitSample lkc$ git log -2
commit 99c0d29602438a20bf4007e2494b52044a58187b
Author: xxx <xxx.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 6 10:25:43 2017 +0800

    e3,f3

commit 43e7ac4eddf470c30b29c9b37c53deb65cf78222
Author: xxx <xxx.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 6 10:22:22 2017 +0800

    c2,d2    

查看e.txt:

this is e2.txt