更多的可以参考我的博客,也在陆续更新ing
http://www.hspweb.cn/
状态模式允许对象在内部状态改变时改变它的行为,对象看起来好像修改了它的类。
状态模式:封装基于状态的行为,并将行为委托到当前状态。
策略模式:将可以互换的行为封装起来,然后使用委托的方法,决定使用哪一个行为。
模板方法模式:由子类决定如何实现算法中的某些步骤。
例子是:售货机出售糖果,有10%的概率得到两颗糖果。
1.目录
2.package machine
①GumballMachine.java
package machine;
import state.HasQuarterState;
import state.NoQuarterState;
import state.SoldOutState;
import state.SoldState;
import state.State;
import state.WinnerState;
public class GumballMachine {
State soldOutState;
State noQuarterState;
State hasQuarterState;
State soldState;
State winnerState;
State state = soldOutState;
int count = 0;
public GumballMachine(int numberGumballs) {
soldOutState = new SoldOutState(this);
noQuarterState = new NoQuarterState(this);
hasQuarterState = new HasQuarterState(this);
soldState = new SoldState(this);
winnerState = new WinnerState(this);
this.count = numberGumballs;
if (numberGumballs > 0) {
state = noQuarterState;
}
}
public void insertQuarter() {
state.insertQuarter();
}
public void ejectQuarter() {
state.ejectQuarter();
}
public void turnCrank() {
state.turnCrank();
state.dispense();
}
public void setState(State state) {
this.state = state;
}
public void releaseBall() {
System.out.println("糖果正在出货...");
if (count != 0) {
count = count - 1;
}
}
public int getCount() {
return count;
}
void refill(int count) {
this.count = count;
state = noQuarterState;
}
public State getState() {
return state;
}
public State getSoldOutState() {
return soldOutState;
}
public State getNoQuarterState() {
return noQuarterState;
}
public State getHasQuarterState() {
return hasQuarterState;
}
public State getSoldState() {
return soldState;
}
public State getWinnerState() {
return winnerState;
}
public String toString() {
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
result.append("\n小明糖果公司, Inc.");
result.append("\njava糖果状态模式 #2017");
result.append("\n剩余: " + count + " 颗糖果");
// if (count != 1) {
// result.append("s");
// }
result.append("\n");
result.append("机器正在处于 " + state + "\n");
return result.toString();
}
}
3.package state
①HasQuarterState.java
package state;
import java.util.Random;
import machine.GumballMachine;
public class HasQuarterState implements State {
Random randomWinner = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
GumballMachine gumballMachine;
public HasQuarterState(GumballMachine gumballMachine) {
this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
}
public void insertQuarter() {
System.out.println("你不能再投硬币了");
}
public void ejectQuarter() {
System.out.println("硬币已返回");
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getNoQuarterState());
}
public void turnCrank() {
System.out.println("你转下曲柄...");
int winner = randomWinner.nextInt(10);
if ((winner == 0) && (gumballMachine.getCount() > 1)) {
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getWinnerState());
} else {
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldState());
}
}
public void dispense() {
System.out.println("已经没有糖果了");
}
public String toString() {
return "正在等待转曲柄...";
}
}
②NoQuarterState.java
package state;
import machine.GumballMachine;
public class NoQuarterState implements State {
GumballMachine gumballMachine;
public NoQuarterState(GumballMachine gumballMachine) {
this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
}
public void insertQuarter() {
System.out.println("你已经投入硬币");
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getHasQuarterState());
}
public void ejectQuarter() {
System.out.println("你不能重复投入硬币");
}
public void turnCrank() {
System.out.println("你转下曲柄,但是没有硬币");
}
public void dispense() {
System.out.println("你需要先投入硬币");
}
public String toString() {
return "等待投入硬币状态";
}
}
③SoldOutState.java
package state;
import machine.GumballMachine;
public class SoldOutState implements State {
GumballMachine gumballMachine;
public SoldOutState(GumballMachine gumballMachine) {
this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
}
public void insertQuarter() {
System.out.println("你不能再投入硬币了,糖果已经卖完了。");
}
public void ejectQuarter() {
System.out.println("无法退回硬币,因为没有硬币投入");
}
public void turnCrank() {
System.out.println("你转下曲柄,但是已经没有糖果了");
}
public void dispense() {
System.out.println("已经没有糖果了");
}
public String toString() {
return "糖果卖完了状态";
}
}
④SoldState.java
package state;
import machine.GumballMachine;
public class SoldState implements State {
GumballMachine gumballMachine;
public SoldState(GumballMachine gumballMachine) {
this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
}
public void insertQuarter() {
System.out.println("请等待,糖果正在出货...");
}
public void ejectQuarter() {
System.out.println("对不起,你已经转过曲柄了");
}
public void turnCrank() {
System.out.println("转两次曲柄不会给你两颗糖果");
}
public void dispense() {
gumballMachine.releaseBall();
if (gumballMachine.getCount() > 0) {
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getNoQuarterState());
} else {
System.out.println("oh!糖果已经卖完了");
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldOutState());
}
}
public String toString() {
return "分配糖果状态";
}
}
⑤State.java
package state;
public interface State {
public void insertQuarter();
public void ejectQuarter();
public void turnCrank();
public void dispense();
}
⑥WinnerState.java
package state;
import machine.GumballMachine;
public class WinnerState implements State {
GumballMachine gumballMachine;
public WinnerState(GumballMachine gumballMachine) {
this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
}
public void insertQuarter() {
System.out.println("请等待,糖果正在出货...");
}
public void ejectQuarter() {
System.out.println("请等待,糖果正在出货...");
}
public void turnCrank() {
System.out.println("再次转曲柄不会得到糖果");
}
public void dispense() {
System.out.println("恭喜你!中奖了!你获得两颗糖果");
gumballMachine.releaseBall();
if (gumballMachine.getCount() == 0) {
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldOutState());
} else {
gumballMachine.releaseBall();
if (gumballMachine.getCount() > 0) {
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getNoQuarterState());
} else {
System.out.println("Oops, out of gumballs!");
gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getSoldOutState());
}
}
}
public String toString() {
return "奖励你两颗糖果,因为你中奖了";
}
}
4.package test
①test.java
package test;
import machine.GumballMachine;
public class test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
GumballMachine gumballMachine =
new GumballMachine(10);
System.out.println(gumballMachine);
gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
gumballMachine.turnCrank();
gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
gumballMachine.turnCrank();
System.out.println(gumballMachine);
gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
gumballMachine.turnCrank();
gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
gumballMachine.turnCrank();
System.out.println(gumballMachine);
gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
gumballMachine.turnCrank();
gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
gumballMachine.turnCrank();
System.out.println(gumballMachine);
gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
gumballMachine.turnCrank();
gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
gumballMachine.turnCrank();
System.out.println(gumballMachine);
gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
gumballMachine.turnCrank();
gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
gumballMachine.turnCrank();
System.out.println(gumballMachine);
}
}