1.disrupting/dɪsˈrʌpt/(disrupting,disrupted,disrupts)
1.V-TIf someone or somethingdisruptsan event, system, or process, they cause difficulties that prevent it from continuing or operating in a normal way.
Anti-war protesters disrupted the debate.
2.conventional/kənˈvɛnʃənəl/
1.ADJSomeone who isconventionalhas behaviour or opinions that are ordinary and normal.
...a respectable married woman with conventional opinions.
2.ADVconventionally
Men still wore their hair short and dressed conventionally.
3.ADJAconventionalmethod or product is one that is usually used or that has been in use for a long time.
...the risks and drawbacks of conventional family planning methods.
4.ADJConventionalweapons and wars do not involve nuclear explosives.
We must reduce the danger of war by controlling nuclear, chemical, and conventional arms.
词根：convention
adj.conventionalized定型化的；约定俗成的
adv.conventionally照惯例，照常套
n.convention大会；[法] 惯例；[计] 约定；[法] 协定；习俗conventionality惯例；习俗；老套
conventionalism墨守成规；传统主义conventionalization惯例化；习俗化；象征手法化
v.conventionalized使照惯例；俗化（conventionalize的过去式及过去分词）
vt.conventionalize使习俗化；使样式化；使照惯例
3.lazily['leizili]
adv.1.in a slow and lazy manner
I watched the blue smoke drift lazily away on the still air
2.in an idle manner
词根：laze
adj.lazy懒惰的；懒洋洋的；怠惰的；慢吞吞的
vi.laze闲散；混日子；游手好闲
vt.laze消磨（时光）；懒散
4.barn/bɑːn/
1.N-COUNTAbarnis a building on a farm in which animals, animal food, or crops can be kept.
2.N-COUNTany large building, esp an unattractive one
3.N-COUNTa unit of nuclear cross section equal to 10–28square metre 靶; 核反应截面单位 ( symbol: b)
5.photovoltaic/ˌfəʊtəʊvɒlˈteɪɪk/
1.ADJAphotovoltaiccell or panel is a device that uses sunlight to cause a chemical reaction which produces electricity.
Less than 1% of the installed solarphotovoltaiccapacity in the world is based on Cigs.
photovoltaic effect光生伏打效应
photovoltaic cell光电池；硒电池
6.manure/məˈnjʊə/
1.N-MASSManureis animal faeces, sometimes mixed with chemicals, that is spread on the ground in order to make plants grow healthy and strong.
...bags of manure.
green manure绿肥；未熟的堆肥 pig manure猪粪；猪粪肥 chicken manure鸡粪
7.subsidy/ˈsʌbsɪdɪ/
1.N-COUNTAsubsidyis money that is paid by a government or other authority in order to help an industry or business, or to pay for a public service.
European farmers are planning a massive demonstration against farm subsidy cuts.
词根：subsidy
adj.subsidized补贴的，补助的
n.subsidization补助；提供津贴；奖金
v.subsidized资助或补助（subsidize的过去时和过去分词）
vi.subsidise消退；下沉；平息
vt.subsidize资助；给与奖助金；向…行贿 subsidise资助（等于subsidize）；给...补助金
8.grid/ɡrɪd/
1.N-COUNTAgridis something which is in a pattern of straight lines that cross over each other, forming squares. On maps, the grid is used to help you find a particular thing or place.
...a grid of ironwork.
2.N-COUNTAgridis a network of wires and cables by which sources of power, such as electricity, are distributed throughout a country or area.
...breakdowns in communications and electric-power grids.
3.N-COUNTThegridorthestarting gridis the starting line on a car-racing track.
The Ferrari driver was starting second on the grid.
power grid电力网；强信号栅极 grid computing 网格计算
grid system坐标制；方格网制；电力网
9.anathema/əˈnæθəmə/
1.N-UNCOUNTIf something isanathematoyou, you strongly dislike it.
Violence was anathema to them.
10.fossil fuel
1.N-MASSFossil fuelis fuel such as coal or oil that is formed from the decayed remains of plants or animals.
Burning fossil fuels uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
fossil/ˈfɒsəl/
1.N-COUNTAfossilis the hard remains of a prehistoric animal or plant that are found inside a rock.
At this distance of time it is difficult to date the fossil.
2.someone whose style is out of fashion
Buthow doyoufindafossilofasymbolicthought?
living fossil[生]活化石；[口]落后于时代的人 trace fossil生痕化石；踪迹化石
词根：fossil
adj.fossilized石化的；僵化的；老化的 fossiliferous含有化石的
n. fossilization石化；僵化fossilisation化石化
v. fossilized石化（fossilize的过去式和过去分词）
vi.fossilize变成化石；变陈腐；使过时或固定不变；搜集化石fossilise变成化石（等于fossilize）
vt.fossilize使成化石；使陈腐 fossilise使成化石（等于fossilize）
11.incumbent/ɪnˈkʌmbənt/
1.N-COUNTAnincumbentis someone who holds an official post at a particular time.
In general, incumbents have a 94 percent chance of being re-elected.
2.ADJIncumbentis also an adjective.
...the only candidate who defeated an incumbent senator.
3.ADJIf it isincumbentonoruponyoutodo something, it is your duty or responsibility to do it.
She felt it was incumbent on herself to act immediately.
12.decarbonize
1.Vto remove carbon from (the walls of the combustion chamber of an internal-combustion engine (See also decoke, decarburize)
He is concerned only that proposals todecarbonisethe economy should add up.
13.pour/pɔː/(pouring,poured,pours)
1.V-TIf youpoura liquid or other substance, you make it flow steadily out of a container by holding the container at an angle
Pour a pool of sauce on two plates and arrange the meat neatly.
2.V-TIf youpoursomeone a drink, you put some of the drink in a cup or glass so that they can drink it
He got up and poured himself another drink.
3.V-IWhen a liquid or other substancepourssomewhere, for example, through a hole, it flows quickly and in large quantities.
Blood was pouring from his broken nose.
4.V-IWhen it rains very heavily, you can say thatit is pouring.
It was still pouring outside.
5.V-IIf peoplepourinto or out of a place, they go there quickly and in large numbers.
Any day now, the Northern forces may pour across the new border.
6.V-IIf something such as informationpoursinto a place, a lot of it is obtained or given.
Martin, 78, died yesterday. Tributes poured in from around the globe.
pour outv. 倾吐；诉说 pour into川流不息地涌入 pouring rain瓢泼大雨
pour point[化]倾点，流点；[化]流动点，浇注点；零 pour in大量地涌入，倾倒；蜂拥而来
pour cold water on泼冷水，使(人)沮丧，
14.perennial/pəˈrɛnɪəl/
1.ADJYou useperennialto describe situations or states that keep occurring or that seem to exist all the time; used especially to describe problems or difficulties.
...the perennial urban problems of drugs and homelessness.
2.ADJAperennialplant lives for several years and has flowers each year.
...a perennial herb with greenish-yellow flowers.
3.N-COUNTPerennialis also a noun.
...a low-growing perennial.
perennial plant多年生植物 perennial grasses多年生牧草
15.eternal/ɪˈtɜːnəl/
1.ADJSomething that iseternallasts forever.
...the quest for eternal youth.
2.ADJIf you describe something aseternal, you mean that it seems to last forever, often because you think it is boring or annoying.
In the background was that eternal hum.
词根：eternal
adv.eternally永恒地；不朽地
n.eternity来世，来生；不朽；永世
vt.eternalize使永恒；使不朽；使不灭（等于eternize） eternize使不变；使永恒
16.Shale gas页岩气
abstract:
Shale gas is natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations. Shale gas has become an increasingly important source of natural gas in the United States since the start of this century, and interest has spread to potential gas shales in the rest of the world.
The challenge is this: the United States has embracedshalegasand the technique of fracking.
16.glut/ɡlʌt/(glutting,glutted,gluts)
1.N-COUNTIf there is aglutofsomething, there is so much of it that it cannot all be sold or used.
Exports have become increasingly important to wineries as they battle a global wine glut.
2.V-TIf a marketis gluttedwithsomething, there is a glut of that thing.
The region is glutted with hospitals.
17.write off(writing,wrote,written,writes)
1.PHRASAL VERBIf someonewrites offa debt or an amount of money that has been spent on a project, they accept that they are never going to get the money back.
It was the president who persuaded the West to write off Polish debts.
2.PHRASAL VERBIf youwritesomeone or somethingoff, you decide that they are unimportant or useless and that they are not worth further serious attention.
He is fed up with people writing him off because of his age.
3.PHRASAL VERBIf youwrite offa plan or project, you accept that it is not going to be successful and do not continue with it.
We decided to write off the rest of the day and go shopping.
4.PHRASAL VERBIf youwrite offsomething such as a living expense, you deduct it from your taxes.
Teachers are still entitled to write off business expenses.
5.PHRASAL VERBIf youwrite offto a company or organization, you send them a letter, usually asking for something.
18.deregulate/diːˈrɛɡjʊˌleɪt/
(deregulating,deregulated,deregulates)
V-TToderegulatesomething means to remove controls and regulations from it.
...the need to deregulate the U.S. airline industry.
19.intermittent/ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt/
ADJSomething that isintermittenthappens occasionally rather than continuously.
After three hours of intermittent rain, the game was abandoned.
词根：intermit
adv.intermittently间歇地
n.intermission幕间休息；暂停；中断 intermittence时断时续，间歇性；周期性
intermittency间歇性；间歇现象；间歇度 intermitter间歇抽油装置；间歇调节器
vi.intermit中断
vt.intermit使中断
20.shut out(shutting,shuts)
1.PHRASAL VERBIf youshutsomething or someoneout, you prevent them from getting into a place, for example, by closing the doors.
"I shut him out of the bedroom," says Maureen.
2.PHRASAL VERBIf youshut outa thought or a feeling, you prevent yourself from thinking or feeling it.
I shut out the memory which was too painful to dwell on.
3.PHRASAL VERBIf youshutsomeoneoutof something, you prevent them from having anything to do with it.
She is very reclusive, to the point of shutting me out of her life.
4.PHRASAL VERBIn sports such as football and hockey, if one teamshuts outthe team they are playing against, they win and prevent the opposing team from scoring.
Harvard shut out Yale, 14-0.
21.doldrums/ˈdɒldrəmz/
1.PHRASEIf an activity or situation isin the doldrums, it is very quiet and nothing new or exciting is happening.
The economy is in the doldrums.
2.赤道无风带
22.cling/klɪŋ/(clinging,clung,clings)
1.V-IIf youclingtosomeone or something, you hold onto them tightly.
Another man was rescued as he clung to the riverbank.
2.V-IIf someoneclingstoa position or a possession they have, they do everything they can to keep it even though this may be very difficult.
Instead, he appears determined to cling to power.
23.insulate/ˈɪnsjʊˌleɪt/(insulating,insulated,insulates)
1.V-TToinsulatesomething such as a building means to protect it from cold, heat, or noise by placing a layer of other material around it or inside it.
People should insulate their homes to conserve energy.
2.V-TIf a piece of equipmentis insulated, it is covered with rubber or plastic to prevent electricity from passing through it and giving the person using it an electric shock.
In order to make it safe, the element is electrically insulated.
3.V-TIf a person or groupis insulatedfromthe rest of society or from outside influences, they are protected from them.
They wonder if their community is no longer insulated from big city problems.
4.N-UNCOUNT insulation
They lived in happy insulation from brutal facts.
24.grumble/ˈɡrʌmbəl/(grumbling,grumbled,grumbles)
1.V-T/V-IIf someonegrumbles, they complain about something in a bad-tempered way.
They grumble about how hard they have to work.
2.N-COUNTGrumbleis also a noun.
My only grumble is that there isn't a non-smoking section.
3.V-IIf somethinggrumbles, it makes a low continuous sound.
It was quiet now, the thunder had grumbled away to the west.
4.N-SINGGrumbleis also a noun.
One could often hear, far to the east, the grumble of guns.
25.dromedary/ˈdrʌmədərɪ, -drɪ, ˈdrɒm-/
1.Na type of Arabian camel bred for racing and riding, having a single hump and long slender legs 单峰骆驼
AspecialbreedofArabiancamel, thedromedary,has beendevelopedforridingandracing.
26.liken/ˈlaɪkən/(likening,likened,likens)
1.V-TIf youlikenone thing or persontoanother thing or person, you say that they are similar.
She likens marriage to slavery.
27.upheaval/ʌpˈhiːvəl/
1.N-COUNTAnupheavalis a big change which causes a lot of trouble, confusion, and worry.
Algeria has been going through political upheaval for the past two months.
28.vertically integrated垂直一体化
American Apparel is averticallyintegratedmanufacturer, distributor and retailer of branded fashion and basic apparel.
29.gossip/ˈɡɒsɪp/(gossiping,gossiped,gossips)
1.N-UNCOUNTGossipis informal conversation, often about other people's private affairs.
He spent the first hour talking gossip.
2.V-RECIPIf yougossip withsomeone, you talk informally, especially about other people or local events. You can also say that two peoplegossip.
We spoke, debated, gossiped into the night.
3.N-COUNTIf you describe someone as agossip, you mean that they enjoy talking informally to people about the private affairs of others.
He was a vicious gossip.
这几天一直在看有关可再生能源的文章，觉得我们在这方面的技术和和研究还是不够到位。人类目前面临着能源危机，如果我们不能够再找到其他能够代替化石能源的能源，会有很大的危机。不过我们还是从大自然中找到了完全天然能再生的风能和太阳能，虽然我们还不能够做到在无光照无风的情况下持续提供电源，但是相信随着科学技术的不断提高，我们终能够突破这一技术难题的。核能也是一种高效的能源，我们可以对核能在进行更加深入的研究，争取减小或者消除核泄漏产生的风险。
