在进入主题之前，我们先来开个脑洞：
一个馒头会导致什么样的后果呢？
会变白？会变胖？会噎住？
说到馒头，大家可能会想到
《一个馒头引发的血案》
2005年，一部网络短片《一个馒头引发的血案》在网络爆红。
In 2005, an online video, Murder by Mantou, went viral on the Internet.
go viral on the Internet
在网络爆红
In this online video, all tragedies were caused by one mantou.
In English, we also have tragedies which are caused by one verb.
The tragedy is that every sentence has just one predicate verb.
【Predicate Verb: 指出谓语动词做了什么或者是什么】
一个句子里有且只能有一个谓语动词，这个规则有点霸道，因为有时我们需要别的动词来帮助我们表达意思，那这些动词又不能作谓语，怎么办呢？于是就有了“非谓语”这个听起来有点奇怪的东西。
“非谓语”其实之前我们提到过，比如不定式、动名词，今天我们就来单独讲讲“非谓语动词”这个英语语法点。
Then it comes as a nightmare for many students and adults who wants to try to learn English well.
非谓语动词是很多大人和小孩都拿不下的难题，所以才有了一个动词引发的各种悲剧。
相信通过今天的学习，你一定会对『非谓语动词』有更深的了解了。
一、英语句子的基本原则
任何一个完整的英语句子，无论长短复杂，有且必须有一个主干(即主语+谓语)，有且仅有一个谓语动词。
【例句1】I like mantou.
like 是谓语动词
【思考】如何用英语表达“我喜欢吃馒头”
这句话里多出来的第二个动词“吃”该怎么表达呢？
【例句2】I like eating mantou.
不过，单说“mantou”这种汉语拼音，老外是听不懂的，因为老外的饮食文化里没有“馒头”这个概念，但是如果我们说steamed buns, they can easily understand.
So, we can put it like this:
【例句3】I like steamed buns.
【地道词汇与表达】
steamed bun: 馒头
bun: 圆形的小面包或点心
steam v. 蒸
steamed是steam的过去分词，这里作bun的定语
1. I like eating mantou.
2. I like steamed buns.
这两个句子里，无论是eating还是steamed，都巧妙地避开了“谓语”这个身份，就是变换了一下形式，要么加ing，要么加ed，变成了非谓语，听起来还是很神奇的。
二、非谓语动词
(一) 定义
非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语的本质是不能作谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分，如主语、宾语、定语、状语等等。
(二) 常见形式
形式一: 动名词 doing，作名词
【例句】
Eating steamed buns is my favourite thing.
吃馒头是我最喜欢干的一件事。
eating steamed buns 作主语
【思考】如何将上面例句中的eating steamed buns变成表语？
My favourite thing is eating steamed buns.
形式二: 现在分词 doing，作状语或形容词
作状语时，现在分词doing表明动作与谓语动词同时发生。
【例句1】
Being hungry, I ordered a take-out.
take-out 外卖
【例句2】
He sat there, reading a newspaper.
Bitten by a fierce dog, the take-out boy was so hurt that he couldn't say a word. However, biting the take-out boy, the fierce dog didn't feel sorry at all.
外卖小哥被恶犬咬得说不出话。但是，这只恶犬对咬了人毫无抱歉之意。
【Logical Subject 逻辑主语】
非谓语动词逻辑上产生的虚拟主语
【句子分析】
Bitten by a fierce dog, the take-out boy was so hurt that he couldn't say a word. (逻辑主语: the take-out boy)
However, biting the take-out boy, the fierce dog didn't feel sorry at all. (逻辑主语: the fierce dog)
【练习】请把下面两句话连成一句符合逻辑的话。
1. I was moved by his words.
2. I told him all the new.
Moved by his words, I told him all the new.
形式三: 过去分词done，作形容词和状语
作状语时，过去分词done表明动作发生在谓语动词之前
【例句】
Moved by his words, I told him all the new.
形式四: 不定式to do,可以作谓语外的任何成分
作状语时，不定式to do表明动作发生在谓语动词之后
【莎士比亚的经典台词】
To be, or not to be, that is the question.
生存还是毁灭，这是个问题。
(三) 非谓语动词的否定
公式: not doing / done / to do
Not having much money, they don't own a car.
Not given enough time, I couldn't finish the work.
【练习】
把下面两句话，用非谓语动词的否定形态合成一句话。
1. I don't have enough time.
2. I have to end the course.
Not having enough time, I have to end the course.
