requests接口测试
1:介绍
requests是一个很实用的Python HTTP客户端库，编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到，Requests是Python语言的第三方的库，专门用于发送HTTP请求
2:前提
pip install requests
3:get的请求
3.1：GET无参请求
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
3.2：GET传参
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': None}
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com ', params=payload)
案例：测试聚合数据
代码
class UseRequestClass():
def XWTTMethod(self):
r=requests.get('http://web.juhe.cn/constellation/getAll')
print(r.text)
def XWTTMethod(self):
params = {"city": "北京", "key": "c4e943cf0bd1a26825e9bdfd314fffbc"}
r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query", params=params)
print(r.text)
x = UseRequestClass()
x.XWTTMethod()
4:post请求
类似python中的表单提交
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
案例：测试聚合数据
代码
import requests
class UseRequestClass():
def XWTTPostMethod(self):
params = {"type":"guonei","key":"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}
r = requests.post("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index",data=params)
#print(r.status_code)
return r.status_code
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5:Requests响应
r.status_code 响应状态码
r.heards 响应头
r.cookies 响应cookies
r.text 响应文本
r. encoding 当前编码
r. content 以字节形式（二进制）返回
最常用的是根据响应状态码判断接口是否连通，经常用于做接口中断言判断
6：Request扩充
1：添加等待时间
requests.get(url,timeout=1) #超过等待时间则报错
2：添加请求头信息
requests.get(url,headers=headers) #设置请求头
3：添加文件
requests.post(url, files=files) #添加文件
文件传输
url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
7：requests+pytest+allure
7.1：流程如下
读取文件中的数据
requests拿到数据请求接口返回状态码
通过断言验证返回状态码和200对比
生成allure的测试报告
读取csv文件
储存数据
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读取数据
import csv
class ReadCsv():
def readCsv(self):
item = []
rr = csv.reader(open("../data/test_csv.csv"))
for csv_i in rr:
item.append(csv_i)
del item[0]
return item
r=ReadCsv()
print(r.readCsv())
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requests请求接口返回状态码
import requests
from readdata.readcsv import ReadCsv
r=ReadCsv()
lists=r.readCsv()
items=[]
class RequestsClass():
def requestMethod(self):
for i in lists:
if i[2]=='get':
r=requests.get(i[0],params=i[1])
items.append(r.status_code)
else:
r = requests.post(i[0], data=i[1])
items.append(r.status_code)
return items
req=RequestsClass()
print(req.requestMethod())
pytest断言+allure生成测试报告
import pytest,os
from requestsdemo.requestcsv import RequestsClass
r=RequestsClass()
rr=r.requestMethod()
class TestRequestsClass():
def testCsv(self):
for i in rr:
assert i==200
if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main(['--alluredir', 'report/result', 'test_csv.py'])
split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
os.system(split)
image.png
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7.2：模块总览
dataDemo(存放数据)>> readDemo(读取数据)
useRequests(发送请求)>>testDemo(生成报告)
7.3：读取excle文件流程
7.3.1：存储数据(xlsx)
image.png
7.3.2：读取数据(readDemo)
from openpyxl import load_workbook
class UseExcel():
def get_TestExcel(self):
# 打开表
workbook = load_workbook('../data/test_exc.xlsx')
# 定位表单
sheet = workbook['Sheet1']
print(sheet.max_row) #3 行
print(sheet.max_column) #3 列
test_data = []#把所有行的数据放到列表中
for i in range(2,sheet.max_row+1):
sub_data = {}#把每行的数据放到字典中
for j in range(1,sheet.max_column+1):
sub_data[sheet.cell(1,j).value] = sheet.cell(i,j).value
test_data.append(sub_data)#拼接每行单元格的数据
return test_data
t = UseExcel()
f = t.get_TestExcel()
print(f)
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7.3.3：request请求接口返回状态码
from readdata.readexcel import UseExcel
u=UseExcel()
lists=u.get_TestExcel()
items=[]
class RequestsExcClass():
def requestExcMethod(self):
for i in lists:
if i.get('method')=='get':
r=requests.get(i['url'],params=i['params'])
items.append(r.status_code)
else:
r = requests.post(i['url'], data=i['params'])
items.append(r.status_code)
return items
r=RequestsExcClass()
print(r.requestExcMethod())
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7.3.4：pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告
代码展示
from requestsdemo.requestexc import RequestsExcClass
r=RequestsExcClass()
lists=r.requestExcMethod()
class TestRequestsClass():
def testMethod(self):
for i in lists:
assert i==200
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 生成测试报告json
pytest.main(['--alluredir', 'report/result', 'test_exc.py'])
# 将测试报告转为html格式
split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
os.system(split)
image.png
7.3.5：测试报告展示
image.png
