介词+名词,表示 “处于某种状态或活动中”
介词是很活跃的词, 有一种用法, 介词+名词, 构成介词短语, 表示 “处于某种状态或活动中”
1. at + 名词
at work 在工作,在上班,
at table 在吃饭
at war 在交战状态中
at home 在家
at peace 处于和平状态
at school 在上学
at play 在玩耍
例:The telephone came while they were all at table.
Early the next morning he was hard at work again.
2. in + 名词
in use 在使用中
in love 恋爱中
in hospital 住院
in power 当权的,在朝的
in danger 处于危险中
in high spirits 精神抖擞,斗志昂扬
in full swing 全面展开,全力进行
例: John is in love with Rosemary.
Everybody is in high spirits. 人人情绪高涨
3. on + 名词
on holidy 休假,度假
on sale 有售,在促销
on strike 举行罢工
on fire 起火,着火
on display 正在展出,陈列中
on show 在上演,在展出,
on duty 值班,值日,
on leave 在休假,请了假
on guard 警惕着,防备着
on the alert 警戒着,密切注意着
例: Hurry up, he building is on fire.
Many motorcycles are on sale now.
The police warned people to be on guard for pickpockets during Christmas.
4. under + 名词
under repair 正在维修
under discussion 在讨论中
under control 处于控制之下, 受控
under construction 建设中,
under treatment 正在接受治疗
例:The road is under repair.
The proposals are still under discussion
Don't worry. The situation is under control now.
要注意的是,加了 the 后就变成另外一个短语了,意思不同,仅表示人所处的位置,比较:
at school 在上学
at the school 在学校里(表示人的位置,下同)
at table 在吃饭
at the table 坐在桌旁
at desk 在读书
at the desk 坐在写字桌前
in class 在上课
in the class 在班级里
in bed 卧床 (多指卧病在床)
in the bed 在床上
in prison 坐牢,服刑
in the prison 在监狱(可能去办事)
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在医院(可能去探望)