python web（bottle框架）知行合一之-简单知识付费平台-”全栈“实践(14)---前端页面搭建
PS：笔记只是为了更好表达我怎么语言表述，有些时候可能难免废话一推！
因知识有限, 如有错误, 欢迎指正！
每日细语：学海无涯苦作舟！
PS:后续前端相关代码我都是基于参考这个项目，感谢这位大神开源的这么牛B的参考项目：
https://github.com/SmallRuralDog/pay-schol
续言
前面一系列的小节。我们几乎都已经完成相关API接口的设计，当然这里API接口还没涉及到相关的RESTful api 接口风格。 后续有时间的话，再继续往这方面去延伸记录一下相关的笔记。
既然现在我们的后端的接口都准备好了，那么我们就需要把后端的数据通过请求接口的方式请求回来，对数据进行可视化操作处理。
前端的使命其实就是对后端数据的展示及操作命令的提交处理。
关于前端
以下文字来源于官网的描述：
Vue.js 特点
简洁： HTML 模板 + JSON 数据，再创建一个 Vue 实例，就这么简单。
数据驱动： 自动追踪依赖的模板表达式和计算属性。
组件化： 用解耦、可复用的组件来构造界面。
轻量： ~24kb min+gzip，无依赖。
快速： 精确有效的异步批量 DOM 更新。
模块友好： 通过 NPM 或 Bower 安装，无缝融入你的工作流。
如果你喜欢下面这些，那你一定会喜欢 Vue.js：
可扩展的数据绑定机制
原生对象即模型
简洁明了的 API
组件化 UI 构建
多个轻量库搭配使用
因为本人也并非专业前端开发人员，自己也是纯粹业余时间学习一下相关VUE.JS的框架！发现这块框架是我所认知到开发前端比较容易接受及入门的。
如果说你非要说使用原生什么JQ那些来的话，说真的，我也不是很熟。
因为我更倾向于选择vue.js的渐进式的MVVM的模式。这样我们不需要对的香菇dom进行过多的操作，就可以随着数据变化，则UI就随之而变的效果。
相关基础的vue.js基础知识点，大家可以参考这个：
http://www.runoob.com/vue2/vue-directory-structure.html
前端环境的搭建（VUX）
PS： 因为我们的项目立意在SPA，所以相关SEO暂时不考虑在此范围内！
1 前端页面的IDE工具准备
image.png
2 前端页面的使用VUE-CLI脚手架初始化项目框架
步骤
- 进行NODE.JS的安装
- NODE.JS环境变量的配置
- 全局安装 vue-cli
$ npm install --global vue-cli
3 新建项目
image.png
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3 使用脚手架初始化项目
PS D:\vue_pro\kownledpay> vue init webpack
image.png
? Project name y
? Project description 简单的知识付费
? Author 我只是习惯了沉默 <308711822@qq.com>
? Vue build standalone
? Install vue-router? Yes
? Use ESLint to lint your code? No
? Set up unit tests No
? Setup e2e tests with Nightwatch? No
? Should we run `npm install` for you after the project has been created? (recommended) (Use arrow keys)
> Yes, use NPM
Yes, use Yarn
No, I will handle that myself
按下enter继续：
image.png
4 运行初始化好的项目
image.png
项目结构：
image.png
运行：
PS D:\vue_pro\kownledpay> npm run dev
image.png
4 安装VUX框架
官网文档：https://doc.vux.li/zh-CN/
1> 在项目里安装vux（必须）
image.png
npm install vux --save
2> 在项目里安装vux-loader（必须）
image.png
npm install vux-loader --save-dev
3 > 在项目里安装安装less-loader（必须）
(如果不安装想关闭路由请求可能会报错！)
image.png
npm install less less-loader --save-dev
4 > 查看package.js的文件：
{
"name": "y",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "简单的知识付费",
"author": "我只是习惯了沉默 <308711822@qq.com>",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"dev": "webpack-dev-server --inline --progress --config build/webpack.dev.conf.js",
"start": "npm run dev",
"build": "node build/build.js"
},
"dependencies": {
"vue": "^2.5.2",
"vue-router": "^3.0.1",
"vux": "^2.9.0"
},
"devDependencies": {
"autoprefixer": "^7.1.2",
"babel-core": "^6.22.1",
"babel-helper-vue-jsx-merge-props": "^2.0.3",
"babel-loader": "^7.1.1",
"babel-plugin-syntax-jsx": "^6.18.0",
"babel-plugin-transform-runtime": "^6.22.0",
"babel-plugin-transform-vue-jsx": "^3.5.0",
"babel-preset-env": "^1.3.2",
"babel-preset-stage-2": "^6.22.0",
"chalk": "^2.0.1",
"copy-webpack-plugin": "^4.0.1",
"css-loader": "^0.28.0",
"extract-text-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
"file-loader": "^1.1.4",
"friendly-errors-webpack-plugin": "^1.6.1",
"html-webpack-plugin": "^2.30.1",
"less": "^3.0.2",
"less-loader": "^4.1.0",
"node-notifier": "^5.1.2",
"optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
"ora": "^1.2.0",
"portfinder": "^1.0.13",
"postcss-import": "^11.0.0",
"postcss-loader": "^2.0.8",
"postcss-url": "^7.2.1",
"rimraf": "^2.6.0",
"semver": "^5.3.0",
"shelljs": "^0.7.6",
"uglifyjs-webpack-plugin": "^1.1.1",
"url-loader": "^0.5.8",
"vue-loader": "^13.3.0",
"vue-style-loader": "^3.0.1",
"vue-template-compiler": "^2.5.2",
"vux-loader": "^1.2.8",
"webpack": "^3.6.0",
"webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^2.9.0",
"webpack-dev-server": "^2.9.1",
"webpack-merge": "^4.1.0"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">= 6.0.0",
"npm": ">= 3.0.0"
},
"browserslist": [
"> 1%",
"last 2 versions",
"not ie <= 8"
]
}
5 > 修改webpack.base.conf.js 配置文件
image.png
原配置文件：
'use strict'
const path = require('path')
const utils = require('./utils')
const config = require('../config')
const vueLoaderConfig = require('./vue-loader.conf')
function resolve (dir) {
return path.join(__dirname, '..', dir)
}
module.exports = {
context: path.resolve(__dirname, '../'),
entry: {
app: './src/main.js'
},
output: {
path: config.build.assetsRoot,
filename: '[name].js',
publicPath: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
? config.build.assetsPublicPath
: config.dev.assetsPublicPath
},
resolve: {
extensions: ['.js', '.vue', '.json'],
alias: {
'vue$': 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js',
'@': resolve('src'),
}
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.vue$/,
loader: 'vue-loader',
options: vueLoaderConfig
},
{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'babel-loader',
include: [resolve('src'), resolve('test'), resolve('node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client')]
},
{
test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('img/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},
{
test: /\.(mp4|webm|ogg|mp3|wav|flac|aac)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('media/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},
{
test: /\.(woff2?|eot|ttf|otf)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('fonts/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
}
]
},
node: {
// prevent webpack from injecting useless setImmediate polyfill because Vue
// source contains it (although only uses it if it's native).
setImmediate: false,
// prevent webpack from injecting mocks to Node native modules
// that does not make sense for the client
dgram: 'empty',
fs: 'empty',
net: 'empty',
tls: 'empty',
child_process: 'empty'
}
}
修改之后的配置文件:
'use strict'
const path = require('path')
const utils = require('./utils')
const config = require('../config')
const vueLoaderConfig = require('./vue-loader.conf')
const vuxLoader = require('vux-loader')
function resolve(dir) {
return path.join(__dirname, '..', dir)
}
const webpackConfig = {
context: path.resolve(__dirname, '../'),
entry: {
app: './src/main.js'
},
output: {
path: config.build.assetsRoot,
filename: '[name].js',
publicPath: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
? config.build.assetsPublicPath
: config.dev.assetsPublicPath
},
resolve: {
extensions: ['.js', '.vue', '.json', '.less'],
alias: {
'vue$': 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js',
'@': resolve('src'),
}
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.vue$/,
loader: 'vue-loader',
options: vueLoaderConfig
},
{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'babel-loader',
include: [resolve('src'), resolve('test'), resolve('node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client')]
},
{
test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('img/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},
{
test: /\.(mp4|webm|ogg|mp3|wav|flac|aac)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('media/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},
{
test: /\.(woff2?|eot|ttf|otf)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('fonts/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
}
]
},
node: {
// prevent webpack from injecting useless setImmediate polyfill because Vue
// source contains it (although only uses it if it's native).
setImmediate: false,
// prevent webpack from injecting mocks to Node native modules
// that does not make sense for the client
dgram: 'empty',
fs: 'empty',
net: 'empty',
tls: 'empty',
child_process: 'empty'
}
}
// module.exports = vuxLoader.merge(webpackConfig, {plugins: ['vux-ui']})
module.exports = vuxLoader.merge(webpackConfig, {
plugins: ['vux-ui', 'progress-bar', 'duplicate-style', {
name: 'less-theme',
path: 'src/styles/theme.less'
}],
})
主要变化：
在前面添加：
const vuxLoader = require('vux-loader')
在末尾添加：
// module.exports = vuxLoader.merge(webpackConfig, {plugins: ['vux-ui']})
module.exports = vuxLoader.merge(webpackConfig, {
plugins: ['vux-ui', 'progress-bar', 'duplicate-style', {
name: 'less-theme',
path: 'src/styles/theme.less'
}],
})
继续运行：
image.png
注释掉样式文件的加载
path: 'src/styles/theme.less'
，因为我们现在还没有用到。
修改语言支持，支持ES6
image.png
报错问题描述：
Module build failed: TypeError: Path must be a string. Received undefined
at assertPath (path.js:28:11)
at Object.join (path.js:499:7)
at Object.module.exports (D:\vue_pro\kownledpay\node_modules\vux-loader\src\index.js:83:28)
再次修改配置文件:
'use strict'
const path = require('path')
const utils = require('./utils')
const config = require('../config')
const vueLoaderConfig = require('./vue-loader.conf')
const vuxLoader = require('vux-loader')
function resolve (dir) {
return path.join(__dirname, '..', dir)
}
const webpackConfig = {
context: path.resolve(__dirname, '../'),
entry: {
app: './src/main.js'
},
output: {
path: config.build.assetsRoot,
filename: '[name].js',
publicPath: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
? config.build.assetsPublicPath
: config.dev.assetsPublicPath
},
resolve: {
extensions: ['.js', '.vue', '.json'],
alias: {
'vue$': 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js',
'@': resolve('src'),
}
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.vue$/,
loader: 'vue-loader',
options: vueLoaderConfig
},
{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'babel-loader',
include: [resolve('src'), resolve('test'), resolve('node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client')]
},
{
test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('img/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},
{
test: /\.(mp4|webm|ogg|mp3|wav|flac|aac)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('media/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},
{
test: /\.(woff2?|eot|ttf|otf)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('fonts/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
}
]
},
node: {
// prevent webpack from injecting useless setImmediate polyfill because Vue
// source contains it (although only uses it if it's native).
setImmediate: false,
// prevent webpack from injecting mocks to Node native modules
// that does not make sense for the client
dgram: 'empty',
fs: 'empty',
net: 'empty',
tls: 'empty',
child_process: 'empty'
}
}
// const webpackConfig = originalConfig // 原来的 module.exports 代码赋值给变量 webpackConfig
module.exports = vuxLoader.merge(webpackConfig, {
plugins: ['vux-ui']
})
运行没问题。
按需引入组件测试
在main.js中引入对应的组件
image.png
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修改HelloWorld.vue组件
image.png
查看页面效果，组件引入及使用成功！：
image.png
结束
以上笔记纯属个人学习实践总结，有兴趣的同学可以加群一起学习讨论QQ：308711822
