最近zabbix出现了根目录空间满的问题，可用空间不足，导致zabbix server服务直接挂掉了。
由于最初zabbix的虚机采用了LVM方式划分文件系统，就让解决这个问题降低了很大的难度。
解决方案是直接在Esxi上关掉虚机，增加硬盘，最后打开电源开机，给根目录所在LVM逻辑卷扩容。
针对LVM扩容，大体上步骤是，通过新增一个磁盘，建立逻辑卷组，然后扩容根目录所在的逻辑卷空间。
先简单了解一下LVM
普通分区==>LVM 8e分区==>PV物理卷==>VG卷组==>逻辑卷
一个VG卷组包含若干PV物理卷
一个VG卷组划分为若干LV逻辑卷
1.查看新增的磁盘
#查看到新增了第二块40G磁盘
root@zabbix:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
2.建立磁盘分区
#格式化分区
root@zabbix:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa76ea849.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p #选择主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 #将整个磁盘作为一个分区
First sector (2048-83886079, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-83886079, default 83886079):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 40 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
3.查看新分区
root@zabbix:~# fdisk -l |grep 40G
/dev/sdb1 2048 83886079 83884032 40G 83 Linux
4.将分区类型更改为8e-逻辑卷分区
root@zabbix:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): L #列出分区所有类型
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden or c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ea Rufus alignment
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ee GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fb VMware VMFS
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fc VMware VMKCORE
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fd Linux raid auto
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bc Acronis FAT32 L fe LANstep
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
Partition type (type L to list all types): 8e #选择8e创建LVM
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
5.查看修改为逻辑卷的新分区
root@zabbix:~# fdisk -l |grep 40G
/dev/sdb1 2048 83886079 83884032 40G 8e Linux LVM
6.创建物理卷PV
root@zabbix:~# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
7.查看当前物理卷
#当前系统共存在两个PV，原有的PV为zabbix-vg，新PV是/dev/sdb1
root@zabbix:~# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name zabbix-vg
PV Size 29.52 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 7557
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 7557
PV UUID GCeSY1-svqb-LB7e-WkKB-4lf3-BZbo-LgfgoK
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "40.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 40.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID fvkxeN-6673-aE67-YEPy-eeQ9-vgyF-JDf30c
8.将新建立的PV /dev/sdb1 扩展到原有的VG-zabbix-vg上
root@zabbix:~# vgextend zabbix-vg /dev/sdb1
Volume group "zabbix-vg" successfully extended
root@zabbix:~# pvscan
PV /dev/sda5 VG zabbix-vg lvm2 [29.52 GiB / 0 free]
PV /dev/sdb1 VG zabbix-vg lvm2 [40.00 GiB / 40.00 40.00 GiB free]
#PV总大小得到了增加
Total: 2 [69.52 GiB] / in use: 2 [69.52 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
9.给根目录的LV增加39G的空间
root@zabbix:~# lvextend -L +39G -n /dev/zabbix-vg/root
Size of logical volume zabbix-vg/root changed from 25.52 GiB (6533 extents) to 64.52 GiB (16517 extents).
Logical volume root successfully resized.
10.重新计算一下LV的空间
root@zabbix:~# resize2fs /dev/zabbix-vg/root
resize2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Filesystem at /dev/zabbix-vg/root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 5
The filesystem on /dev/zabbix-vg/root is now 16913408 (4k) blocks long.
11.查看根目录已扩容
root@zabbix:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 396M 11M 385M 3% /run
/dev/mapper/zabbix--vg-root 64G 24G 37G 40% /
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 472M 212M 237M 48% /boot
12.查看LV空间
root@zabbix:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/zabbix-vg/root
LV Name root
VG Name zabbix-vg
LV UUID eNEjaU-Xe7K-7fo0-tG8n-Sdzf-36YP-RfOJ4W
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time zabbix, 2018-04-13 11:49:04 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 64.52 GiB
Current LE 16517
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/zabbix-vg/swap_1
LV Name swap_1
VG Name zabbix-vg
LV UUID IwM0yO-FrSe-fHsD-03RQ-KT10-kFtU-9vX5vB
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time zabbix, 2018-04-13 11:49:04 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 4.00 GiB
Current LE 1024
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 252:1
13.重启mysql和zabbix server服务成功
root@zabbix:~# /etc/init.d/mysql restart
[ ok ] Restarting mysql (via systemctl): mysql.service.
root@zabbix:~# /etc/init.d/zabbix-server restart
[ ok ] Restarting zabbix-server (via systemctl): zabbix-server.service.
14.通过grafana查看剩余空间已为40G
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