原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq649954944/article/details/113877704
有时候因为数据库的字符集的问题，导致dmp文件不能正常导入到其他数据库。可以用下面的方法将数据库的字符集修改一下（改成跟你导出时的字符一样）。
注：设置环境变量是用来处理PL/SQL字符问题的，不要吴会是已经将数据库的字符集修改了。
1.cmd
2.输入set ORACLE_SID=你想进入的数据库的那个sid
3.输入 sqlplus /nolog
4.将数据库启动到RESTRICTED模式下做字符集更改：
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes
Fixed Size 451684 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
System altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
提示我们的字符集：新字符集必须为旧字符集的超集，这时我们可以跳过超集的检查做更改：
SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;
略
19 rows selected.
重启检查是否更改完成：
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes
Fixed Size 451684 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters;
