1.perpetual

continuing all the time without changing or stopping

the perpetual noise of the machines

a little girl with a perpetual smile

the perpetual cycle of life and death.

永恆不变的生死循环。

a baby’s perpetual crying for attention.

婴孩哭个不停，要人注意他。

2.  assert

to state firmly that something is true

French cooking, she asserted, is the best in the world.

assert that

He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.

assert your rights/independence/superiority etc

to state very strongly your right to something

Native Americans asserting their rights to ancestral land

assert yourself

to behave in a determined way and say clearly what you think

Women began to assert themselves politically.

assert itself物称

if an idea or belief asserts itself, it begins to influence something

National pride began to assert itself.

3.    disprove

o disprove an allegation.

驳斥指控。

disprove the'old notion that...  反驳

Disprove the idea

4.Empirically 经验的

based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas

Eg：They approached this part of their task empirically.

There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.

5.Peer review: pick holes in the argument

6.Make a hypothesis / prediction   做出假设

7.speculative

based on guessing, not on information or facts猜测的，假想的

highly/purely/largely speculative

a purely speculative theory about life on other planets

bought or done in the hope of making a profit later

speculative investments投机

if you give someone a speculative look, you look at them while trying to guess something about them

>speculativelyadv

Delaney eyed her speculatively.

8.compelling

compelling reason/argument/case etc令人信服的理由

an argument etc that makes you feel certain that something is true or that you must do something about it

Lucy had nocompelling reasonto go into town.

The court was presented withcompelling evidencethat she'd murdered her husband.

very interesting or exciting, so that you have to pay attention引人入胜

His life makes acompelling story.

compelling need/desire/urge (to do sth)

a strong need, desire etc to do something, making you feel that you must do it

He felt a compelling need to tell someone about his idea.

9.    One exception may bring an entire theorycrashing down /breaking down

10.bodily humour

humour幽默，也有体液之意

11.eclipse

an occasion when the sun or the moon cannot be seen, because the Earth is passing directly between the moon and the sun, or because the moon is passing directly between the Earth and the sun日月蚀

an eclipse of the sun

a total eclipse

a situation in which someone or something loses their power or fame, because someone or something else has become more powerful or famous失势

Many people expected the growth of television to meanthe eclipse of radio.

in eclipse=leave high and dry = be at discount

formalless famous or powerful than you should be

Mrs Bosanquet's novels are now in eclipse.

12.fourfold roots of everything  万物四根

13.As themonopolyof the Church over scientific /truth began to weaken in the Western world

[C]

if a company or government has a monopoly of a business or political activity, it has complete control of it so that other organizations cannot compete with it

monopoly of

They are demanding an end to the Communist Party'smonopoly of power.

thestate monopolyof television

monopoly on/in

For years Bell Telephonehadamonopolyon telephone services in the US.

a monopoly in copper trading

[C]

a large company that controls all or most of a business activity

The company will become a state-owned monopoly.

[singular]

ifsomeone has a monopoly on something, that thing belongs to them, and no one else can share it

Teachers do nothaveamonopoly oneducational debate.

14.quash

The High Court laterquashedhisconvictionfor murder.撤销法庭命令

A hospital chief executive hasquashed rumoursthat people will lose their jobs.

The government immediately moved toquash the revolt.平息叛乱、谣言

==put an end to (sth); suppress or crush 制止（某事物）; 镇压; 捣碎

15.Discredit---credit

discredit someone's story.怀疑某人的话。

to discredit someone.使某人名誉扫地。

同义词defame, disgrace, dishonor, ruin thereputation of,slander, smear

to make people stop respecting or trusting someone or something

The company's lawyers tried todiscredit her testimony.让人怀疑to make people stop believing in a particular idea

Some of Freud's theories have now been discredited.

discredit2

discredit2n[U]

the loss of other people's respect or trust

to sb's discredit

To his discredit, he knew about the problem but said nothing.

bring discredit on/upon/to sb/sth

The behaviour of fans has brought discredit on English football.

16.Chromosomeswere shown to be the basis of inheritance and the chemical structure of DNA was decoded.   染色体是遗传的密码，也是DNA分子的主要载体

genomeproject  基因组计划

DNA sequencingDNA序列测定

Gene therapy 基因治疗

17.      a daunting task.叫人气馁的工作。

The trip seemed rather daunting for a young girl.

He's got thedaunting taskof following in Ferguson's footsteps.

thedaunting prospectof asking for a loan

18.   Move from hope to reality 从梦想照进现实

19.the relentless search for truth continues对真理的不断探求仍在继续。。。。。

Continue to amaze继续带给人们更多惊喜

20.Enable science to advance faster than ever before使得科学发展比过去任何时间都要快

21.The idea of ....began to take roots

perpetual struggle永恒的挣扎

goes back to...==start off==commenced开始，着手但是不知道是不是到尽头==date back，但是date back需要一个具体的日期

We have been friends for long.We go way back=we have know each other since forever.

Write widely on。。。subject  ==write a large variety of ....

Fall twice as fast

twice the heavy/ weight of another

英文精妙在跳跃感小，意思铺陈开。不要暗度陈仓

Get things wrong

Form a theory to explain what is going on

See whether the theory works

是用词的目的、读者来选择你的用词，而不应该是被水平高低桎梏，要分场合，看表达什么意思，找最精确的词

Out of shape, try to be in shape没有冠词，指冠词

Bounce backoffthe paper-thin foil这个off指来源

似Step off of the train介词叠用

All the more...更加

An experiment is all the more compelling ...

Geocentric universe地球中心论

In some measure= to certain extend = in some degree

To search for higgs partical

Could not have been found without ...要是没有....就不会发生

Those could not have been found if the ...had not been invented过去时间的假设

If there were not me , you would not find her对现在的假设

Set up....

The works of the ancient

It’s in the works.已经在准备中了

Learned off听说，知道，了解到

Learn学会

Dissection

Turn over   overturning  crash

=quashing推翻，证伪= discredit= falsify= shaking

Form the thesis = lay the foundation

Ahost of issue

Open up new field打开新领域

In to its marched

Began to turn up开始出现，客观show up是主动的

With the dinosaurscame ideasof evolution

Proposed

Light was shown to act as both a particle and a wave

Leap frogging idea跳跃式思维

Take root

Harbor life

V从n来的

Don’t baby me!别把我当小孩

Science seems only to be respected but not approached, the misconception pulls us apart with science. But if we harbor this aloofness and hail scientists as“freaks”, how can we truly dig into it?Actually, our life bound up with science, the truth of nature.This dialectical relationship determines the necessity of a mechanism for the coordinated development between human being and science.Throughout the whole history, scientists explore the secret of life inward, as well as the perpetual physical world externally.This article generally traces the history of science, and leads us to the time track within which splendid achievements lay out all the way from the very beginning towards future, the infinite world.Though some still remains to be clarified or falsified, right or wrong, good or bad ceased to matter.