文/麦子
就像前面讲的孩子需要体验很多真实情境中的3，才能在没有真实情境的情况下使用数字3；同样，他们还需要积累大量生活中数运算关系的经验，才能缩短使用加减符号的思考时间。如果家长急于让孩子记住类似3+3=6这样的算术，就剥夺了他们理解正确答案和为什么正确的权利。孩子只有在积累了丰富的生活经验之后，才能逐渐把数学从具体情境中抽象出来。例如：3个棒棒糖加3个棒棒糖就是6个棒棒糖，3本书加3本书就是6本书等。如果有足够多解决问题和提升解决策略的机会，孩子对符号的使用就会如期而至，并伴随更好的理解。
今天介绍两个简单，在家容易操作的游戏，来理解数运算的加和减。有兴趣的家长也可以根据这个思路自己设计更好玩更有趣的游戏和小朋友一起玩。
第一个：5只小鸭要回家
材料：5只玩具小鸭，一个纸盒
规则：把纸盒作成小鸭子的家，5只小鸭放在桌面上。请孩子闭上眼睛唱“小鸭子要回家”，同时家长把部分小鸭放进盒子里。请幼儿睁开眼睛看看几只小鸭回家了。注意：小孩坐的位置不能直接看到盒子里的鸭子，要求根据桌面上剩下的鸭子的数量来判断几只小鸭回家啦。年龄小的孩子刚开始猜不出来，就把盒子打开数一数，多玩几次就不用数啦。 这个游戏还有一首儿歌，也可以根据歌词的顺序来玩。
一天五只小鸭去外面 爬过遥远的小山 母鸭喊着呱呱呱呱
但是只有四只小鸭返回来
一天四只小鸭去外面 爬过遥远的小山 母鸭喊着呱呱呱呱
但是只有三只小鸭返回来
一天三只小鸭去外面 爬过遥远的小山 母鸭喊着呱呱呱呱
但是只有两只小鸭返回来
一天两只小鸭去外面 爬过遥远的小山 母鸭喊着呱呱呱呱
但是只有一只小鸭返回来
一天一只小鸭去外面 爬过遥远的小山 母鸭喊着呱呱呱呱
但是没有一只小鸭返回来
多玩类似的游戏，孩子会通过游戏情境，总结出把数学抽象概念，并牢牢记住。姐姐是在4岁左右玩这个游戏的，对她来说比较容易，但还是很喜欢玩不觉得无聊。到快5岁的时候她设计了一个新的游戏：摆几个玩具在桌面上，让弟弟闭上眼睛数到10，然后睁开眼睛猜被藏起来的是什么。我忙自己的事，他们姐弟俩自己玩的。真是意外的收获啊。
第二个 十只在床上的小熊
材料：10只小熊（可以用其他玩偶来代替），一个小床
规则：唱下面的儿歌，每滚下去一只后观察或猜一下还有几只在床上。
床上有十只小熊， 最小的说：“翻个身，翻个身”。
于是他们都滚了过去，1只被挤出床外，倒在地上，发出一声叫喊!……他们不停地打滚，6只倒在地板上，喊了一声!……
他们继续翻滚，9只倒在地板上，发出大叫!
最后床上只有一只熊。小熊说：“晚安！”
有了儿歌，这个游戏可以玩得很热闹，不要低估小朋友的热情。我们使用的是一个宜家的玩具小床，可以调节长短的，小熊则用各种各样的玩偶代替。每次有玩偶要翻下床的时候，姐姐都笑得前俯后仰，甚至我一说“翻……”后面的话还没说出来，她就开笑了。气氛非常欢乐，即使不学数学，仅仅陪孩子玩也是很有趣的游戏。
另外，如果想学英语的话，今天这两首儿歌都有英文版，全是重复的句式很适合小朋友学习。 five little ducks five little ducks went out one day over the hills and far away mother duck said gua gua gua gua but only four little ducks came back four little ducks went out one day over the hills and far away mother duck said gua gua gua gua but only three little ducks came back three little ducks went out one day over the hills and far away mother duck said gua gua gua gua but only two little ducks came back two little ducks went out one day over the hills and far away mother duck said gua gua gua gua but only one little duck came back one little duck went out one day over the hills and far away mother duck said gua gua gua gua but none of those little ducks came back ten in the bed There were ten in the bed and the little one said "Roll over, roll over" So they all rolled over and one fell out There were nine in the bed and the little one said "Roll over, roll over" So they all rolled over and one fell out There were eight in the bed and the little one said "Roll over, roll over" So they all rolled over and one fell out There were seven in the bed and the little one said "Roll over, roll over" So they all rolled over and one fell out There were six in the bed and the little one said "Roll over, roll over" So they all rolled over and one fell out There were five in the bed and the little one said "Roll over, roll over" So they all rolled over and one fell out There were four in the bed and the little one said "Roll over, roll over" So they all rolled over and one fell out There were three in the bed and the little one said "Roll over, roll over" So they all rolled over and one fell out There were two in the bed and the little one said "Roll over, roll over" So they all rolled over and one fell out There was one in the bed and the little one said "Good night"
