SpringBoot是否内置了Servlet容器?如果内置了,它是如何工作的?
SpringBoot内置了Servlet容器,这样项目的发布、部署就不需要额外的Servlet容器,直接启动jar包即可。SpringBoot官方文档上有一个小章节内置servlet容器支持用于说明内置Servlet的相关问题。
在SpringBoot源码分析之SpringBoot的启动过程文章中我们了解到如果是Web程序,那么会构造AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext类型的Spring容器,在SpringBoot源码分析之Spring容器的refresh过程文章中我们知道AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext类型的Spring容器在refresh的过程中会在onRefresh方法中创建内置的Servlet容器。
接下来,我们分析一下内置的Servlet容器相关的知识点。
# 内置Servlet容器相关的接口和类
SpringBoot对内置的Servlet容器做了一层封装:
public interface EmbeddedServletContainer { // 启动内置的Servlet容器,如果容器已经启动,则不影响 void start() throws EmbeddedServletContainerException; // 关闭内置的Servlet容器,如果容器已经关系,则不影响 void stop() throws EmbeddedServletContainerException; // 内置的Servlet容器监听的端口 int getPort();}
它目前有3个实现类,分别是JettyEmbeddedServletContainer、TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer和UndertowEmbeddedServletContainer,分别对应Jetty、Tomcat和Undertow这3个Servlet容器。
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory接口是一个工厂接口,用于生产EmbeddedServletContainer:
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory { // 获得一个已经配置好的内置Servlet容器,但是这个容器还没有监听端口。需要手动调用内置Servlet容器的start方法监听端口 // 参数是一群ServletContextInitializer,Servlet容器启动的时候会遍历这些ServletContextInitializer,并调用onStartup方法 EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer( ServletContextInitializer... initializers);}
ServletContextInitializer表示Servlet初始化器,用于设置ServletContext中的一些配置,在使用EmbeddedServletContainerFactory接口的getEmbeddedServletContainer方法获取Servlet内置容器并且容
public interface ServletContextInitializer { void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException;}
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory是在EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration这个自动化配置类中被注册到Spring容器中的(前期是Spring容器中不存在EmbeddedServletContainerFactory类型的bean,可以自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory类型的bean)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)@Configuration@ConditionalOnWebApplication // 在Web环境下才会起作用@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class) // 会Import一个内部类BeanPostProcessorsRegistrarpublic class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration { @Configuration // Tomcat类和Servlet类必须在classloader中存在 @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class }) // 当前Spring容器中不存在EmbeddedServletContainerFactory类型的实例 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedTomcat { @Bean public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { // 上述条件注解成立的话就会构造TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory这个EmbeddedServletContainerFactory return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } @Configuration // Server类、Servlet类、Loader类以及WebAppContext类必须在classloader中存在 @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class, WebAppContext.class }) // 当前Spring容器中不存在EmbeddedServletContainerFactory类型的实例 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedJetty { @Bean public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { // 上述条件注解成立的话就会构造JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory这个EmbeddedServletContainerFactory return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } @Configuration // Undertow类、Servlet类、以及SslClientAuthMode类必须在classloader中存在 @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class }) // 当前Spring容器中不存在EmbeddedServletContainerFactory类型的实例 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedUndertow { @Bean public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { // 上述条件注解成立的话就会构造JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory这个EmbeddedServletContainerFactory return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } // 在EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration自动化配置类中被导入,实现了BeanFactoryAware接口(BeanFactory会被自动注入进来)和ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口(会被ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader解析并注册到Spring容器中) public static class EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessorRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, BeanFactoryAware { private ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory; @Override public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException { if (beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) { this.beanFactory = (ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) beanFactory; } } @Override public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { if (this.beanFactory == null) { return; } // 如果Spring容器中不存在EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor类型的bean if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(this.beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType( EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.class, true, false))) { // 注册一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor registry.registerBeanDefinition( "embeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor", new RootBeanDefinition( EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.class)); } } }}
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor是一个BeanPostProcessor,它在postProcessBeforeInitialization过程中去寻找Spring容器中EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的bean,并依次调用EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer接口的customize方法做一些定制化:
@Overridepublic Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { // 在Spring容器中寻找ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的bean,SpringBoot内部的3种内置Servlet容器工厂都实现了这个接口,该接口的作用就是进行Servlet容器的配置 // 比如添加Servlet初始化器addInitializers、添加错误页addErrorPages、设置session超时时间setSessionTimeout、设置端口setPort等等 if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) { postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean); } return bean;}private void postProcessBeforeInitialization( ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) { for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) { // 遍历获取的每个定制化器,并调用customize方法进行一些定制 customizer.customize(bean); }}private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() { if (this.customizers == null) { this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>( // 找出Spring容器中EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的bean this.applicationContext .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class, false, false) .values()); // 定制化器做排序 Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE); // 设置定制化器到属性中 this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers); } return this.customizers;}
SpringBoot内置了一些EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,比如ErrorPageCustomizer、ServerProperties、TomcatWebSocketContainerCustomizer等。
定制器比如ServerProperties表示服务端的一些配置,以server为前缀,比如有server.port、server.contextPath、server.displayName等,它同时也实现了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer接口,其中customize方法的一部分代码如下:
@Overridepublic void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) { // 3种ServletContainerFactory都实现了ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer接口,所以下面的这些设置相当于对ServletContainerFactory进行设置 // 如果配置了端口信息 if (getPort() != null) { container.setPort(getPort()); } ... // 如果配置了displayName if (getDisplayName() != null) { container.setDisplayName(getDisplayName()); } // 如果配置了server.session.timeout,session超时时间。注意:这里的Session指的是ServerProperties的内部静态类Session if (getSession().getTimeout() != null) { container.setSessionTimeout(getSession().getTimeout()); } ... // 如果使用的是Tomcat内置Servlet容器,设置对应的Tomcat配置 if (container instanceof TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) { getTomcat().customizeTomcat(this, (TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) container); } // 如果使用的是Jetty内置Servlet容器,设置对应的Tomcat配置 if (container instanceof JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) { getJetty().customizeJetty(this, (JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) container); } // 如果使用的是Undertow内置Servlet容器,设置对应的Tomcat配置 if (container instanceof UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) { getUndertow().customizeUndertow(this, (UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory) container); } // 添加SessionConfiguringInitializer这个Servlet初始化器 // SessionConfiguringInitializer初始化器的作用是基于ServerProperties的内部静态类Session设置Servlet中session和cookie的配置 container.addInitializers(new SessionConfiguringInitializer(this.session)); // 添加InitParameterConfiguringServletContextInitializer初始化器 // InitParameterConfiguringServletContextInitializer初始化器的作用是基于ServerProperties的contextParameters配置设置到ServletContext的init param中 container.addInitializers(new InitParameterConfiguringServletContextInitializer( getContextParameters()));}
ErrorPageCustomizer在ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration自动化配置里定义,是个内部静态类:
@Beanpublic ErrorPageCustomizer errorPageCustomizer() { return new ErrorPageCustomizer(this.properties);}private static class ErrorPageCustomizer implements EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer, Ordered { private final ServerProperties properties; protected ErrorPageCustomizer(ServerProperties properties) { this.properties = properties; } @Override public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) { // 添加错误页ErrorPage,这个ErrorPage对应的路径是 /error // 可以通过配置修改 ${servletPath} + ${error.path} container.addErrorPages(new ErrorPage(this.properties.getServletPrefix() + this.properties.getError().getPath())); } @Override public int getOrder() { return 0; } }
# DispatcherServlet的构造
DispatcherServlet是SpringMVC中的核心分发器。它是在DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration这个自动化配置类里构造的(如果Spring容器内没有自定义的DispatcherServlet),并且还会被加到Servlet容器中(通过ServletRegistrationBean完成)。
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration这个自动化配置类存在2个条件注解@ConditionalOnWebApplication和@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)都满足条件,所以会被构造(存在@AutoConfigureAfter(EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration.class)注解,会在EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration自动化配置类构造后构造):
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)@Configuration@ConditionalOnWebApplication@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)@AutoConfigureAfter(EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration.class)public class DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration ...
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration有个内部类DispatcherServletConfiguration,它会构造DispatcherServlet(使用了条件类DefaultDispatcherServletCondition,如果Spring容器已经存在自定义的DispatcherServlet类型的bean,该类就不会被构造,会直接使用自定义的DispatcherServlet):
@Configuration// 条件类DefaultDispatcherServletCondition,是EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration的内部类// DefaultDispatcherServletCondition条件类会去Spring容器中找DispatcherServlet类型的实例,如果找到了不会构造DispatcherServletConfiguration,否则就是构造DispatcherServletConfiguration,该类内部会构造DispatcherServlet// 所以如果我们要自定义DispatcherServlet的话只需要自定义DispatcherServlet即可,这样DispatcherServletConfiguration内部就不会构造DispatcherServlet@Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class)// Servlet3.0开始才有的类,支持以编码的形式注册Servlet@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)// spring.mvc 为前缀的配置@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration { @Autowired private ServerProperties server; @Autowired private WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties; @Autowired(required = false) private MultipartConfigElement multipartConfig; // Spring容器注册DispatcherServlet @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet() { // 直接构造DispatcherServlet,并设置WebMvcProperties中的一些配置 DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet(); dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest( this.webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest()); dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest( this.webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest()); dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound( this.webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound()); return dispatcherServlet; } @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME) public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration() { // 直接使用DispatcherServlet和server配置中的servletPath路径构造ServletRegistrationBean // ServletRegistrationBean实现了ServletContextInitializer接口,在onStartup方法中对应的Servlet注册到Servlet容器中 // 所以这里DispatcherServlet会被注册到Servlet容器中,对应的urlMapping为server.servletPath配置 ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean( dispatcherServlet(), this.server.getServletMapping()); registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME); if (this.multipartConfig != null) { registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig); } return registration; } @Bean // 构造文件上传相关的bean @ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME) public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) { return resolver; }}
ServletRegistrationBean实现了ServletContextInitializer接口,是个Servlet初始化器,onStartup方法代码:
@Overridepublic void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { Assert.notNull(this.servlet, "Servlet must not be null"); String name = getServletName(); if (!isEnabled()) { logger.info("Servlet " + name + " was not registered (disabled)"); return; } logger.info("Mapping servlet: '" + name + "' to " + this.urlMappings); // 把servlet添加到Servlet容器中,Servlet容器启动的时候会加载这个Servlet Dynamic added = servletContext.addServlet(name, this.servlet); if (added == null) { logger.info("Servlet " + name + " was not registered " + "(possibly already registered?)"); return; } // 进行Servlet的一些配置,比如urlMapping,loadOnStartup等 configure(added);}
类似ServletRegistrationBean的还有ServletListenerRegistrationBean和FilterRegistrationBean,它们都是Servlet初始化器,分别都是在Servlet容器中添加Listener和Filter。
1个小漏洞:如果定义了一个名字为dispatcherServlet的bean,但是它不是DispatcherServlet类型,那么DispatcherServlet就不会被构造,@RestController和@Controller注解的控制器就没办法生效:
@Bean(name = "dispatcherServlet")public Object test() { return new Object();}
# 内置Servlet容器的创建和启动
web程序对应的Spring容器是AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,继承自EmbeddedWebApplicationContext。在onRefresh方法中会去创建内置Servlet容器:
@Overrideprotected void onRefresh() { super.onRefresh(); try { // 创建内置Servlet容器 createEmbeddedServletContainer(); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start embedded container", ex); }}private void createEmbeddedServletContainer() { EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = this.embeddedServletContainer; ServletContext localServletContext = getServletContext(); // 内置Servlet容器和ServletContext都还没初始化的时候执行 if (localContainer == null && localServletContext == null) { // 从Spring容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory,如果EmbeddedServletContainerFactory不存在或者有多个的话会抛出异常中止程序 EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); // 获取Servlet初始化器并创建Servlet容器,依次调用Servlet初始化器中的onStartup方法 this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer()); } // 内置Servlet容器已经初始化但是ServletContext还没初始化的时候执行 else if (localServletContext != null) { try { // 对已经存在的Servlet 容器依次调用Servlet初始化器中的onStartup方法 getSelfInitializer().onStartup(localServletContext); } catch (ServletException ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex); } } initPropertySources(); }
getSelfInitializer方法获得的Servlet初始化器内部会去构造一个ServletContextInitializerBeans(Servlet初始化器的集合),ServletContextInitializerBeans构造的时候会去Spring容器中查找ServletContextInitializer类型的bean,其中ServletRegistrationBean、FilterRegistrationBean、ServletListenerRegistrationBean会被找出(如果有定义),这3种ServletContextInitializer会在onStartup方法中将Servlet、Filter、Listener添加到Servlet容器中(如果我们只定义了Servlet、Filter或者Listener,ServletContextInitializerBeans内部会调用addAdaptableBeans方法把它们包装成RegistrationBean):
// selfInitialize方法内部调用的getServletContextInitializerBeans方法获得ServletContextInitializerBeansprotected Collection<ServletContextInitializer> getServletContextInitializerBeans() { return new ServletContextInitializerBeans(getBeanFactory());}private void addServletContextInitializerBean(String beanName, ServletContextInitializer initializer, ListableBeanFactory beanFactory) { if (initializer instanceof ServletRegistrationBean) { Servlet source = ((ServletRegistrationBean) initializer).getServlet(); addServletContextInitializerBean(Servlet.class, beanName, initializer, beanFactory, source); } else if (initializer instanceof FilterRegistrationBean) { Filter source = ((FilterRegistrationBean) initializer).getFilter(); addServletContextInitializerBean(Filter.class, beanName, initializer, beanFactory, source); } else if (initializer instanceof DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean) { String source = ((DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean) initializer) .getTargetBeanName(); addServletContextInitializerBean(Filter.class, beanName, initializer, beanFactory, source); } else if (initializer instanceof ServletListenerRegistrationBean) { EventListener source = ((ServletListenerRegistrationBean<?>) initializer) .getListener(); addServletContextInitializerBean(EventListener.class, beanName, initializer, beanFactory, source); } else { addServletContextInitializerBean(ServletContextInitializer.class, beanName, initializer, beanFactory, null); } }
Servlet容器创建完毕之后在finishRefresh方法中会去启动:
@Overrideprotected void finishRefresh() { super.finishRefresh(); // 调用startEmbeddedServletContainer方法 EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = startEmbeddedServletContainer(); if (localContainer != null) { // 发布EmbeddedServletContainerInitializedEvent事件 publishEvent( new EmbeddedServletContainerInitializedEvent(this, localContainer)); }}private EmbeddedServletContainer startEmbeddedServletContainer() { // 先得到在onRefresh方法中构造的Servlet容器embeddedServletContainer EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = this.embeddedServletContainer; if (localContainer != null) { // 启动 localContainer.start(); } return localContainer; }
# 自定义Servlet、Filter、Listener
SpringBoot默认只会添加一个Servlet,也就是DispatcherServlet,如果我们想添加自定义的Servlet或者是Filter还是Listener,有以下几种方法。
1.在Spring容器中声明ServletRegistrationBean、FilterRegistrationBean或者ServletListenerRegistrationBean。原理在DispatcherServlet的构造章节中已经说明
@Beanpublic ServletRegistrationBean customServlet() { return new ServletRegistrationBean(new CustomServlet(), "/custom");}private static class CustomServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { resp.getWriter().write("receive by custom servlet"); }}
2.@ServletComponentScan注解和@WebServlet、@WebFilter以及@WebListener注解配合使用。@ServletComponentScan注解启用ImportServletComponentScanRegistrar类,是个ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口的实现类,会被Spring容器所解析。ServletComponentScanRegistrar内部会解析@ServletComponentScan注解,然后会在Spring容器中注册ServletComponentRegisteringPostProcessor,是个BeanFactoryPostProcessor,会去解析扫描出来的类是不是有@WebServlet、@WebListener、@WebFilter这3种注解,有的话把这3种类型的类转换成ServletRegistrationBean、FilterRegistrationBean或者ServletListenerRegistrationBean,然后让Spring容器去解析:
@SpringBootApplication@ServletComponentScanpublic class EmbeddedServletApplication { ... }@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/simple")public class SimpleServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { resp.getWriter().write("receive by SimpleServlet"); }}
3.在Spring容器中声明Servlet、Filter或者Listener。因为在ServletContextInitializerBeans内部会去调用addAdaptableBeans方法把它们包装成ServletRegistrationBean:
@Bean(name = "dispatcherServlet")public DispatcherServlet myDispatcherServlet() { return new DispatcherServlet();}
# Whitelabel Error Page原理
为什么SpringBoot的程序里Controller发生了错误,我们没有进行异常的捕捉,会跳转到Whitelabel Error Page页面,这是如何实现的?
SpringBoot內部提供了一个ErrorController叫做BasicErrorController,对应的@RequestMapping地址为 “server.error.path” 配置 或者 “error.path” 配置,这2个配置没配的话默认是/error,之前分析过ErrorPageCustomizer这个定制化器会把ErrorPage添加到Servlet容器中(这个ErrorPage的path就是上面说的那2个配置),这样Servlet容器发生错误的时候就会访问ErrorPage配置的path,所以程序发生异常且没有被catch的话,就会走Servlet容器配置的ErrorPage。下面这段代码是BasicErrorController对应的处理请求方法:
@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { // 设置响应码 response.setStatus(getStatus(request).value()); // 设置一些信息,比如timestamp、statusCode、错误message等 Map<String, Object> model = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)); // 返回error视图 return new ModelAndView("error", model);}
这里名字为error视图会被BeanNameViewResolver这个视图解析器解析,它会去Spring容器中找出name为error的View,error这个bean在ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration自动化配置类里定义,它返回了一个SpelView视图,也就是刚才见到的Whitelabel Error Page(error.whitelabel.enabled配置需要是true,否则WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration自动化配置类不会被注册):
@Configuration@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "server.error.whitelabel", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)@Conditional(ErrorTemplateMissingCondition.class)protected static class WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration { // Whitelabel Error Page private final SpelView defaultErrorView = new SpelView( "<html><body><h1>Whitelabel Error Page</h1>" + "<p>This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.</p>" + "<div id='created'>${timestamp}</div>" + "<div>There was an unexpected error (type=${error}, status=${status}).</div>" + "<div>${message}</div></body></html>"); @Bean(name = "error") // bean的名字是error @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "error") // 名字为error的bean不存在才会构造 public View defaultErrorView() { return this.defaultErrorView; } @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(BeanNameViewResolver.class) public BeanNameViewResolver beanNameViewResolver() { // BeanNameViewResolver会去Spring容器找对应bean的视图 BeanNameViewResolver resolver = new BeanNameViewResolver(); resolver.setOrder(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 10); return resolver; }}
如果自定义了error页面,比如使用freemarker模板的话存在/templates/error.ftl页面,使用thymeleaf模板的话存在/templates/error.html页面。那么Whitelabel Error Page就不会生效了,而是会跳到这些error页面。这又是如何实现的呢?
这是因为ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration自动化配置类里的内部类 WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration自动化配置类里有个条件类ErrorTemplateMissingCondition,它的getMatchOutcome方法:
@Overridepublic ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) { // 从spring.factories文件中找出key为TemplateAvailabilityProvider为类,TemplateAvailabilityProvider用来查询视图是否可用 List<TemplateAvailabilityProvider> availabilityProviders = SpringFactoriesLoader .loadFactories(TemplateAvailabilityProvider.class, context.getClassLoader()); // 遍历各个TemplateAvailabilityProvider for (TemplateAvailabilityProvider availabilityProvider : availabilityProviders) // 如果error视图可用 if (availabilityProvider.isTemplateAvailable("error", context.getEnvironment(), context.getClassLoader(), context.getResourceLoader())) { // 条件不生效。WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration不会被构造 return ConditionOutcome.noMatch("Template from " + availabilityProvider + " found for error view"); } } // 条件生效。WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration被构造 return ConditionOutcome.match("No error template view detected"); }
比如FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider这个TemplateAvailabilityProvider的逻辑如下:
public class FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider implements TemplateAvailabilityProvider { @Override public boolean isTemplateAvailable(String view, Environment environment, ClassLoader classLoader, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) { // 判断是否存在freemarker包中的Configuration类,存在的话才会继续 if (ClassUtils.isPresent("freemarker.template.Configuration", classLoader)) { // 构造属性解析器 RelaxedPropertyResolver resolver = new RelaxedPropertyResolver(environment, "spring.freemarker."); // 设置一些配置 String loaderPath = resolver.getProperty("template-loader-path", FreeMarkerProperties.DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_LOADER_PATH); String prefix = resolver.getProperty("prefix", FreeMarkerProperties.DEFAULT_PREFIX); String suffix = resolver.getProperty("suffix", FreeMarkerProperties.DEFAULT_SUFFIX); // 查找对应的资源文件是否存在 return resourceLoader.getResource(loaderPath + prefix + view + suffix) .exists(); } return false; }}
所以BeanNameViewResolver不会被构造,Whitelabel Error Page也不会构造,而是直接去找自定义的error视图。
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