title: It has long been recognized
date: 2019-01-11 10:39:34
NO_sents: 34
NO_references: 30

it has long been recognized

• For the remainder of this argument, the key point is that the First Theorem fails in the context of public goods, and indeed it has long been recognized that markets will underprovide public goods relative to the level that would be required for efficiency. (Church, Bottjer, 2013)
• While this is a very convenient and routine method, it has long been recognized that it would be ideal to test all combinations of possible parents immediately in the hybrid breeding pipeline (Fehr 1987). (Kadam et al., 2016)
• While this is a very convenient and routine method, it has long been recognized that it would be ideal to test all combinations of possible parents immediately in the hybrid breeding pipeline (Kadam et al 2016). (Fristche-Neto, Akdemir, Jannink, 2018)【这篇很能抄！】
• While it has long been recognized that epistatically interacting loci may be difficult to find due to lack of marginal effect (Eaves 1994), correlated noncausal loci can serve as excellent markers for the joint state of several causative loci working in concert. (Platt, Vilhjalmsson, Nordborg, 2010)
• There is a long history of interpreting IBD coefficients as correlation or regression coefficients, and it has long been recognized that these coefficients can be extended to include coefficients relating an arbitrary number of individuals (Wright 1922 and Cockerham 1971). (Ackerman et al., 2017)
• Since the sizes of individuals of the same age in a populationtypically vary ina quantitative (continuous) manner, it has long been recognized that quantitative genetics provides appropriate methods for the study of the inheritance and evolution of growth trajectories. (Kirkpatrick, Lofsvold, Bulmer, 1990)
• Although it has long been recognized that quantitative traits often arise from the combined action of multiple Mendelian factors, only recently has it become practical to undertake systematic mapping of such QTLs in experimental organisms (PATERSONet al 1988). (Lander, B, Botstein, 1989)
• Based on microscopic evidence, it has long been recognized that the cuticular wax is dispersed across the entire depth of the cuticle, with some of the wax embedded within the cutin polymer matrix and some of it deposited on the outer surface of the polymer (Jeffree, 1996). (Buschhaus, Jetter, 2011)
• In the context of spatial sampling design, it has long been recognized that in the presence of spatial dependence, SRS is often an inefficient design because of its poor coverage in the space, which leads to large estimation variance. (Derek et al., 2015)
• Indeed, it has long been recognized that classic biological control could be vulnerable to climate change (Cannon 1998) because the interactions between introduced enemies and their non-native prey could be inherently more susceptible to decoupling than those interactions involving native species. (Fenning, 2014)
• It has long been recognized that heterochromatic genomic domains such as the pericentromeric space are generally repeat-rich. (Paterson et al., 2010)
• It has long been recognized that the magnitude of heterosis is the function of environment and development (reviewed by Barlow 1981). (Li, Wu, 1997)
• It has long been recognized that freshwater algae, most notably a wide array of noxious bloomforming cyanobacteria species, are strongly stimulated by P and also by N pollution. (Church, Bottjer, 2013)
• Diversity versus Composition It has long been recognized that the functioning of an ecosystem depends on which species the ecosystem contains (i.e., on it species composition). (Church, Bottjer, 2013)
• It has long been recognized that Japanese larch is prone to vole attack compared to Kuril larch (Takahashi and Hamaya 1973), whereas they're found a variation in the vole's preference among clones (Chiba et af. 1982) as well as progenies (Iizuka et af. 1993) according to the feeding tests. (Kurinobu, 2005)
• It has long been recognized as a source of bias in quantitative genetic analyses of plant agriculture and forestry studies (Cullis and Gleeson 1989, 1991; Burgueno et al 2000; Costa e Silva et al 2001), as well as more generally in ecology, both as a source of bias but also in identification of relevant and interesting spatial processes (Legendre 1993; Kissling and Carl 2008; Fortin and Dale 2009). (Stopher et al., 2012)
• It has long been recognized that the assumption of stationarity or structural stability over space may be highly unrealistic, especially if a large study area is covered. (Lu, Zhang, 2011)
• It has long been recognized that epistasis contributes to additive genetic variance (CROW and KIMURA 1970) but this effect can now be quantified by comparing additive genetic variances for nonepistasis values with variances obtained with total genotypic values. (Cheverud, Routman, 1995)
• It has long been recognized that population structure can cause these kinds of spurious, nonrandom associations (Li 1969; Lander and Schork 1994), and considerable effort has been devoted to addressing this problem statistically (Devlin and Roeder 1999; Pritchard et al 2000; Price et al 2006; Yu et al 2006). (Platt, Vilhjalmsson, Nordborg, 2010)
• It has long been recognized that there is a negative correlation between soluble solids content and total fruit weight in tomato. (Yamamoto et al., 2016)
• It has long been recognized that the use of systematically located check plots is not as efficient as the use of an appropriate incomplete block design (Atiqullah and Cox 1962). (Cullis, Smith, Coombes, 2006)
• It has long been recognized that these values are not fixed for a given class of relationship (except parent璷ffspring) but are merely expectations (Suarez et al 1979; Donnelly 1983; Hill 1993; Bickebo愼㸸 ller & Thompson 1996). (Thomas, 2005)
• 1.1.1.195) It has long been recognized that gymnosperm CAD, such as isolated from either spruce (Picea abies) (Lu愼㸸 deritz and Grisebach, 1981) or loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) (O'Malley et al, 1992), displays a strong substrate preference for both p-coumaraldehyde 9 and coniferaldehyde 14. (Anterola, Lewis, 2002)
• It has long been recognized that population mapping offers advantages over family mapping for the identification of QTL (Spielman et al, 1993; Risch and Merikangas, 1996; Long et al, 1997), and it has recently seen enormous success in human disease research (Donnelly, 2008). (Myles et al., 2009)
• It has long been recognized that selection over several generations can lead to higher levels of inbreeding and a narrowing of the genetic base (Burdon and Shelbourne 1971). (Stoehr et al., 2008)
• It has long been recognized that environmental gradients or patches (such as soil fertility, soil moisture, or topography) often pose a serious impediment to reliable estimation of treatment effects in forestry field trials. (Ye, Jayawickrama, 2008)
• It has long been recognized that heterosis has an ancestral role in the fitness of natural populations by providing a heterozygous advantage to buffer against deleterious recessive alleles and provide genetic plasticity to adapt to variable environmental conditions. (Lippman, Zamir, 2007)
• It has long been recognized that amounts of net precipitation tend to be inversely related to the stocking of a forest. (Burley, Evans, Youngquist, 2004)
• It has long been recognized that practical conservation decisions should be based on evolutionary considerations【pl.】. 人们早就认识到，实际的保护决定应该基于进化的考虑。(Hoglund, 2009)
• It has long been recognized that preserving plant biodiversity is essential for classical and modern plant breeding programs including genetic engineering (Cruz-Cruz et al 2013; Cyr 2000; Wang et al 2012; Withers 1987). (Unknown, 2015)
• It has long been recognized that the large majority of cancer cells in a tumor are genomically heterogeneous despite its monoclonal origin. 人们早已认识到肿瘤中的绝大多数癌细胞尽管具有单克隆来源，但在基因组学上是异质的。(Wong, 2016)
• It has long been recognized that species of birds and mammals with a long north-south range tend to exhibit certain rather uniform trends. (Wright, William, 1986)