Android布局优化(三)使用AsyncLayoutInflater异步加载布局

如需转载请评论或简信,并注明出处,未经允许不得转载

系列文章

目录

前言

Android布局优化(一)从布局加载原理说起中我们说到了布局加载的两大性能瓶颈,通过IO操作将XML加载到内存中并进行解析和通过反射创建View。当xml文件过大或页面文件过深,布局的加载就会较为耗时。我们知道,当主线程进行一些耗时操作可能就会导致页面卡顿,更严重的可能会产生ANR,所以我们能如何来进行布局加载优化呢?解决这个问题有两种思路,直接解决和侧面缓解。直接解决就是不使用IO和反射等技术(这个我们会在下一节进行介绍)。侧面缓解的就是既然耗时操作难以避免,那我们能不能把耗时操作放在子线程中,等到inflate操作完成后再将结果回调到主线程呢?答案当然是可以的,Android为我们提供了AsyncLayoutInflater类来进行异步布局加载

AsyncLayoutInflater用法

AsyncLayoutInflater的使用非常简单,就是把setContentView和一些view的初始化操作都放到了onInflateFinished回调中

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    new AsyncLayoutInflater(this).inflate(R.layout.activity_main,null, new AsyncLayoutInflater.OnInflateFinishedListener(){
        @Override
        public void onInflateFinished(View view, int resid, ViewGroup parent) {
            setContentView(view);
            rv = findViewById(R.id.tv_right);
            rv.setLayoutManager(new V7LinearLayoutManager(MainActivity.this));
            rv.setAdapter(new RightRvAdapter(MainActivity.this));
        }
    });

}

AsyncLayoutInflater源码分析

AsyncLayoutInflater的源码非常短,也比较容易理解,总共只有170行左右

AsyncLayoutInflater构造方法和初始化

构造方法中做了三件事件

  1. 创建BasicInflater

  2. 创建Handler

  3. 创建InflateThread

inflate方法创建一个InflateRequest对象,并将residparentcallback等变量存储到这个对象中,并调用enqueue方法向队列中添加一个请求

public final class AsyncLayoutInflater {
    private static final String TAG = "AsyncLayoutInflater";

    LayoutInflater mInflater;
    Handler mHandler;
    InflateThread mInflateThread;

    public AsyncLayoutInflater(@NonNull Context context) {
        mInflater = new BasicInflater(context);
        mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerCallback);
        mInflateThread = InflateThread.getInstance();
    }

    @UiThread
    public void inflate(@LayoutRes int resid, @Nullable ViewGroup parent,
            @NonNull OnInflateFinishedListener callback) {
        if (callback == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("callback argument may not be null!");
        }
        InflateRequest request = mInflateThread.obtainRequest();
        request.inflater = this;
        request.resid = resid;
        request.parent = parent;
        request.callback = callback;
        mInflateThread.enqueue(request);
    }
        ....
}

InflateThread

这个类的主要作用就是创建一个子线程,将inflate请求添加到阻塞队列中,并按顺序执行BasicInflater.inflate操作(BasicInflater实际上就是LayoutInflater的子类)。不管infalte成功或失败后,都会将request消息发送给主线程做处理

private static class InflateThread extends Thread {
    private static final InflateThread sInstance;
    static {
        sInstance = new InflateThread();
        sInstance.start();
    }

    public static InflateThread getInstance() {
        return sInstance;
    }
        //生产者-消费者模型,阻塞队列
    private ArrayBlockingQueue<InflateRequest> mQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(10);
    //使用了对象池来缓存InflateThread对象,减少对象重复多次创建,避免内存抖动
    private SynchronizedPool<InflateRequest> mRequestPool = new SynchronizedPool<>(10);

    public void runInner() {
        InflateRequest request;
        try {
            //从队列中取出一条请求,如果没有则阻塞
            request = mQueue.take();
        } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
            // Odd, just continue
            Log.w(TAG, ex);
            return;
        }

        try {
            //inflate操作(通过调用BasicInflater类)
            request.view = request.inflater.mInflater.inflate(
                    request.resid, request.parent, false);
        } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
            // 回退机制:如果inflate失败,回到主线程去inflate
            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to inflate resource in the background! Retrying on the UI"
                    + " thread", ex);
        }
        //inflate成功或失败,都将request发送到主线程去处理
        Message.obtain(request.inflater.mHandler, 0, request)
                .sendToTarget();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //死循环(实际不会一直执行,内部是会阻塞等待的)
        while (true) {
            runInner();
        }
    }

    //从对象池缓存中取出一个InflateThread对象
    public InflateRequest obtainRequest() {
        InflateRequest obj = mRequestPool.acquire();
        if (obj == null) {
            obj = new InflateRequest();
        }
        return obj;
    }
        
    //对象池缓存中的对象的数据清空,便于对象复用
    public void releaseRequest(InflateRequest obj) {
        obj.callback = null;
        obj.inflater = null;
        obj.parent = null;
        obj.resid = 0;
        obj.view = null;
        mRequestPool.release(obj);
    }
        
    //将inflate请求添加到ArrayBlockingQueue(阻塞队列)中
    public void enqueue(InflateRequest request) {
        try {
            mQueue.put(request);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Failed to enqueue async inflate request", e);
        }
    }
}

InflateRequest

InflateRequest其实就可以理解为主线程和子线程之间传递的数据模型,类似Message的作用

private static class InflateRequest {
    AsyncLayoutInflater inflater;
    ViewGroup parent;
    int resid;
    View view;
    OnInflateFinishedListener callback;

    InflateRequest() {
    }
}

BasicInflater

BasicInflater 继承自 LayoutInflater,只是覆写了 onCreateView:优先加载这三个前缀的 Layout,然后才按照默认的流程去加载,因为大多数情况下我们 Layout 中使用的View都在这三个 package

private static class BasicInflater extends LayoutInflater {
    private static final String[] sClassPrefixList = {
        "android.widget.",
        "android.webkit.",
        "android.app."
    };

    BasicInflater(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    @Override
    public LayoutInflater cloneInContext(Context newContext) {
        return new BasicInflater(newContext);
    }

    @Override
    protected View onCreateView(String name, AttributeSet attrs) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        for (String prefix : sClassPrefixList) {
            try {
                //优先加载"android.widget.”、 "android.webkit."、"android.app."
                View view = createView(name, prefix, attrs);
                if (view != null) {
                    return view;
                }
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            }
        }

        return super.onCreateView(name, attrs);
    }
}

mHandlerCallback

这里就是在主线程中handleMessage的操作,这里有一个回退机制,就是当子线程中inflate失败后,会继续再主线程中进行inflate操作,最终通过OnInflateFinishedListener接口将view回调到主线程

private Callback mHandlerCallback = new Callback() {
    @Override
    public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
        InflateRequest request = (InflateRequest) msg.obj;
        if (request.view == null) {
            //view == null说明inflate失败
            //继续再主线程中进行inflate操作
            request.view = mInflater.inflate(
                    request.resid, request.parent, false);
        }
        //回调到主线程
        request.callback.onInflateFinished(
                request.view, request.resid, request.parent);
        mInflateThread.releaseRequest(request);
        return true;
    }
};

OnInflateFinishedListener

布局加载完成后,通过OnInflateFinishedListener将加载完成后的view回调出来

public interface OnInflateFinishedListener {
    void onInflateFinished(View view, int resid, ViewGroup parent);
}

AsyncLayoutInflater的局限性及改进

使用AsyncLayoutInflate主要有如下几个局限性:

  1. 所有构建的View中必须不能直接使用 Handler 或者是调用 Looper.myLooper(),因为异步线程默认没有调用 Looper.prepare ()

  2. 异步转换出来的 View 并没有被加到 parent view中,AsyncLayoutInflater 是调用了 LayoutInflater.inflate(int, ViewGroup, false),因此如果需要加到 parent view 中,就需要我们自己手动添加;

  3. AsyncLayoutInflater 不支持设置 LayoutInflater.Factory 或者 LayoutInflater.Factory2

  4. 同时缓存队列默认 10 的大小限制如果超过了10个则会导致主线程的等待

  5. 使用单线程来做全部的 inflate 工作,如果一个界面中 layout 很多不一定能满足需求

那我们如何来解决这些问题呢?AsyncLayoutInflate类修饰为 final ,所以不能通过继承重写父类来实现。庆幸的是AsyncLayoutInflate的代码非常短而且相对简单,所以我们可以直接把AsyncLayoutInflate的代码复制出来一份,然后在这基础之上进行改进优化

接下来我们主要从两个方面来进行优化

  1. 引入线程池,减少单线程等待

  2. 手动设置setFactory2

直接上代码,代码地址:https://github.com/Geekholt/AsyncLayoutInflatePlus/blob/master/app/src/main/java/com/geekholt/asynclayoutinflateplus/AsyncLayoutInflatePlus.java

public class AsyncLayoutInflatePlus {
    private static final String TAG = "AsyncLayoutInflatePlus";

    private Pools.SynchronizedPool<InflateRequest> mRequestPool = new Pools.SynchronizedPool<>(10);

    LayoutInflater mInflater;
    Handler mHandler;
    Dispather mDispatcher;


    public AsyncLayoutInflatePlus(@NonNull Context context) {
        mInflater = new BasicInflater(context);
        mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerCallback);
        mDispatcher = new Dispather();
    }

    @UiThread
    public void inflate(@LayoutRes int resid, @Nullable ViewGroup parent,
                        @NonNull OnInflateFinishedListener callback) {
        if (callback == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("callback argument may not be null!");
        }
        InflateRequest request = obtainRequest();
        request.inflater = this;
        request.resid = resid;
        request.parent = parent;
        request.callback = callback;
        mDispatcher.enqueue(request);
    }

    private Handler.Callback mHandlerCallback = new Handler.Callback() {
        @Override
        public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
            InflateRequest request = (InflateRequest) msg.obj;
            if (request.view == null) {
                request.view = mInflater.inflate(
                        request.resid, request.parent, false);
            }
            request.callback.onInflateFinished(
                    request.view, request.resid, request.parent);
            releaseRequest(request);
            return true;
        }
    };

    public interface OnInflateFinishedListener {
        void onInflateFinished(@NonNull View view, @LayoutRes int resid,
                               @Nullable ViewGroup parent);
    }

    private static class InflateRequest {
        AsyncLayoutInflatePlus inflater;
        ViewGroup parent;
        int resid;
        View view;
        OnInflateFinishedListener callback;

        InflateRequest() {
        }
    }


    private static class Dispather {

        //获得当前CPU的核心数
        private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
        //设置线程池的核心线程数2-4之间,但是取决于CPU核数
        private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
        //设置线程池的最大线程数为 CPU核数 * 2 + 1
        private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
        //设置线程池空闲线程存活时间30s
        private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;

        private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
            private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

            public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
                return new Thread(r, "AsyncLayoutInflatePlus #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
            }
        };

        //LinkedBlockingQueue 默认构造器,队列容量是Integer.MAX_VALUE
        private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>();

        /**
         * An {@link Executor} that can be used to execute tasks in parallel.
         */
        public static final ThreadPoolExecutor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;

        static {
            Log.i(TAG, "static initializer: " + " CPU_COUNT = " + CPU_COUNT + " CORE_POOL_SIZE = " + CORE_POOL_SIZE + " MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = " + MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE);
            ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                    CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                    sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
            threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
            THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
        }

        public void enqueue(InflateRequest request) {
            THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute((new InflateRunnable(request)));

        }

    }

    private static class BasicInflater extends LayoutInflater {
        private static final String[] sClassPrefixList = {
                "android.widget.",
                "android.webkit.",
                "android.app."
        };

        BasicInflater(Context context) {
            super(context);
            if (context instanceof AppCompatActivity) {
                // 手动setFactory2,兼容AppCompatTextView等控件
                AppCompatDelegate appCompatDelegate = ((AppCompatActivity) context).getDelegate();
                if (appCompatDelegate instanceof LayoutInflater.Factory2) {
                    LayoutInflaterCompat.setFactory2(this, (LayoutInflater.Factory2) appCompatDelegate);
                }
            }
        }

        @Override
        public LayoutInflater cloneInContext(Context newContext) {
            return new BasicInflater(newContext);
        }

        @Override
        protected View onCreateView(String name, AttributeSet attrs) throws ClassNotFoundException {
            for (String prefix : sClassPrefixList) {
                try {
                    View view = createView(name, prefix, attrs);
                    if (view != null) {
                        return view;
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // In this case we want to let the base class take a crack
                    // at it.
                }
            }

            return super.onCreateView(name, attrs);
        }
    }


    private static class InflateRunnable implements Runnable {
        private InflateRequest request;
        private boolean isRunning;

        public InflateRunnable(InflateRequest request) {
            this.request = request;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            isRunning = true;
            try {
                request.view = request.inflater.mInflater.inflate(
                        request.resid, request.parent, false);
            } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
                // Probably a Looper failure, retry on the UI thread
                Log.w(TAG, "Failed to inflate resource in the background! Retrying on the UI"
                        + " thread", ex);
            }
            Message.obtain(request.inflater.mHandler, 0, request)
                    .sendToTarget();
        }

        public boolean isRunning() {
            return isRunning;
        }
    }


    public InflateRequest obtainRequest() {
        InflateRequest obj = mRequestPool.acquire();
        if (obj == null) {
            obj = new InflateRequest();
        }
        return obj;
    }

    public void releaseRequest(InflateRequest obj) {
        obj.callback = null;
        obj.inflater = null;
        obj.parent = null;
        obj.resid = 0;
        obj.view = null;
        mRequestPool.release(obj);
    }


    public void cancel() {
        mHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
        mHandlerCallback = null;
    }
}

总结

本文介绍了通过异步的方式进行布局加载,缓解了主线程的压力。同时也介绍了AsyncLayoutInflate的实现原理以及如何定制自己的AsyncLayoutInflate。本文的定制方式仅仅只是作为一个参考,具体的实现方式可以根据自己项目的实际情况来定制

最后编辑于
©著作权归作者所有,转载或内容合作请联系作者
禁止转载,如需转载请通过简信或评论联系作者。
  • 序言:七十年代末,一起剥皮案震惊了整个滨河市,随后出现的几起案子,更是在滨河造成了极大的恐慌,老刑警刘岩,带你破解...
    沈念sama阅读 206,968评论 6 482
  • 序言:滨河连续发生了三起死亡事件,死亡现场离奇诡异,居然都是意外死亡,警方通过查阅死者的电脑和手机,发现死者居然都...
    沈念sama阅读 88,601评论 2 382
  • 文/潘晓璐 我一进店门,熙熙楼的掌柜王于贵愁眉苦脸地迎上来,“玉大人,你说我怎么就摊上这事。” “怎么了?”我有些...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 153,220评论 0 344
  • 文/不坏的土叔 我叫张陵,是天一观的道长。 经常有香客问我,道长,这世上最难降的妖魔是什么? 我笑而不...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 55,416评论 1 279
  • 正文 为了忘掉前任,我火速办了婚礼,结果婚礼上,老公的妹妹穿的比我还像新娘。我一直安慰自己,他们只是感情好,可当我...
    茶点故事阅读 64,425评论 5 374
  • 文/花漫 我一把揭开白布。 她就那样静静地躺着,像睡着了一般。 火红的嫁衣衬着肌肤如雪。 梳的纹丝不乱的头发上,一...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 49,144评论 1 285
  • 那天,我揣着相机与录音,去河边找鬼。 笑死,一个胖子当着我的面吹牛,可吹牛的内容都是我干的。 我是一名探鬼主播,决...
    沈念sama阅读 38,432评论 3 401
  • 文/苍兰香墨 我猛地睁开眼,长吁一口气:“原来是场噩梦啊……” “哼!你这毒妇竟也来了?” 一声冷哼从身侧响起,我...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 37,088评论 0 261
  • 序言:老挝万荣一对情侣失踪,失踪者是张志新(化名)和其女友刘颖,没想到半个月后,有当地人在树林里发现了一具尸体,经...
    沈念sama阅读 43,586评论 1 300
  • 正文 独居荒郊野岭守林人离奇死亡,尸身上长有42处带血的脓包…… 初始之章·张勋 以下内容为张勋视角 年9月15日...
    茶点故事阅读 36,028评论 2 325
  • 正文 我和宋清朗相恋三年,在试婚纱的时候发现自己被绿了。 大学时的朋友给我发了我未婚夫和他白月光在一起吃饭的照片。...
    茶点故事阅读 38,137评论 1 334
  • 序言:一个原本活蹦乱跳的男人离奇死亡,死状恐怖,灵堂内的尸体忽然破棺而出,到底是诈尸还是另有隐情,我是刑警宁泽,带...
    沈念sama阅读 33,783评论 4 324
  • 正文 年R本政府宣布,位于F岛的核电站,受9级特大地震影响,放射性物质发生泄漏。R本人自食恶果不足惜,却给世界环境...
    茶点故事阅读 39,343评论 3 307
  • 文/蒙蒙 一、第九天 我趴在偏房一处隐蔽的房顶上张望。 院中可真热闹,春花似锦、人声如沸。这庄子的主人今日做“春日...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 30,333评论 0 19
  • 文/苍兰香墨 我抬头看了看天上的太阳。三九已至,却和暖如春,着一层夹袄步出监牢的瞬间,已是汗流浃背。 一阵脚步声响...
    开封第一讲书人阅读 31,559评论 1 262
  • 我被黑心中介骗来泰国打工, 没想到刚下飞机就差点儿被人妖公主榨干…… 1. 我叫王不留,地道东北人。 一个月前我还...
    沈念sama阅读 45,595评论 2 355
  • 正文 我出身青楼,却偏偏与公主长得像,于是被迫代替她去往敌国和亲。 传闻我的和亲对象是个残疾皇子,可洞房花烛夜当晚...
    茶点故事阅读 42,901评论 2 345

推荐阅读更多精彩内容