第031句
Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a particular set of laws.
译文:通常有一种观点,认为新的国家应该是独立自主的,土地面积大到在经济上可以生存,并且通过一套特定的法律统一在一起。
点睛:that引导的是belief的同位语从句。sovereign和independent含义相近,表示“独立自主的”。large enough...laws作states的补语,其中large和integrated是并列关系。
考点归纳:set作名词时有以下几个常见义项:
一套,一组
a set of tools 一套工具(电视、无线电的)接收装置
a colour television set彩色电视机(舞台)布景,场景
The play wasn't good,but the set was impressive.
这出戏并不好,但布景倒是让人印象深刘。
第032句
Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright.
译文:和动物相比,人类通常被认为是嗅觉迟钝的,但这主要是因为我们和动物不同,是直立行走的。
点睛:compared with animals作第一个分句的状语。第二个分句中,because引导的是原因状语从句,其中largely意为“主要地”,unlike animals为插入语,用于补充说明下文中的we。
考点归纳:插入语与句中其他成分通常没有语法上的关系,多用逗号与其他成分隔开,一般用来表示说话者的态度等。插入语可以是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。常见的插入语有:
in conclusion总之
in summary概括地说
in fact事实上
in addition此外
of course当然
for instance/example例如
as a matter of fact事实上
第033句
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.
译文:嗅觉迟钝似乎可以解释为,大脑无法保证所有的嗅觉接收器一直处于工作之中,却可以在必要时创造出新的接收器。
点睛:that引导的是表语从句,其中finds和can create为并列的谓语动词。it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是to keep…all the time。现在分词短语working all the time为smell receptors的补足语。if necessary为省略句,其完整形式应为if it is necessary。
第034句
This may explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells-we simply do not need to be.
译文:这可以解释为什么我们通常对自己的气味不敏感——我们完全无需对其敏感。
点睛:why引导的是explain的宾语从句。破折号后的we simply do not need to be省略了sensitive to our own smells.是对之前内容的解释说明。
考点归纳:宾语从句可以是由疑问词引导的句子,具体如下:
由whether或if引导的一般疑问句作宾语:
Say whether you agree with my point.
说一说你是否同意我的观点。由what、why、when、where等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语:
I wanted co see for myself what the problem was.
我想亲自看看是什么问题。选择性疑问句作宾语:
I don't know whether I should read this book or not.
我不知道是否该读这本书。
第035句
Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.
译文:关注个人的理论指出,孩子实施犯罪行为是因为他们没有因之前的罪行受到足够的惩罚,或是他们通过和他人交往学会了犯罪行为。
点睛:centering on the individual作theories的后置定语。suggest在此处意为“指出,表明”,而非“建议”,suggest之后是由that引导的宾语从句。because引导的是由or连接的并列的原因状语从句。