Day 12：Vocabulary and Expressions
1. cardiac：related to the heart
cardiac surgeon/disease
suffer/ go into cardiac arrest：a heart attack
2. life-safing instructions about cardiopulmonary resuscitation
<来自维基百科的定义> Cardiopulmonary resuscitation commonly known as CPR, is an emergency procedure that combines chest compression often with artificial ventilation/ respiration in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
respiration：the act of breathing
3. 可以积累的表达
句式积累：
1）the momentum towards a digital future is gathering pace（speed）.
2）Doing ... is a huge opportunity.
3）To take one example, ...
4）That suggests a broader worry: that ...
5）enormous change looks inevitable
6）Amid such talk it is worth remembering that...
词组积累：
1）accumulate other health-care skills
2）更加愿意做...：seem readier to do
3）由...组成：a group/category comprises/ is made up of...
4）have collectively walked nearly 9 kilometers
5）大量：a host of, a growing array of apps
6）maximise the efficiency of sb
7）bring together health data on its iphone
8）take greater control of their existing health records
9）place importance on
10）a clash of cultures seems unavoidable
4. help doctors with grubby hands to take notes and request scans
grubby：dirty, usually because it has not been washed or cleaned
群里的讨论：
5. Alexa is one manifestation of a drive to disrupt an industry that has so far largely failed to deliver on the potential of digital information.
1）manifest：to show sth clearly, to appear or become noticeable
Social tensions were manifested in the resent political crisis.
The sysmptons of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.
2）manifestation：the public display of emotion or feeling, or something theoretical made real
a clear manifestation of the people's discontent（emotion）
manifestation of your concern（feeling）
6. 熟词新义
1）deliver (on)：to do what you promised to do or what you are expected to do
deliver on one's promise 履行诺言
表示实现，完成：
deliver improved sales figures
deliver a stunning victory
deliver on the potential of digital information
2）as populations age（become older）
3）lose relevance（importance）
Why law school are losing relevance, and how they're trying to win it back.
Electric utilities lose relevance in smart home.
4）field：v. receive and deal with questions or comments
field patients' questions，field phone calls
5）Apple is in a particularly strong position
1. level of importance
the company's dominant position in the world position
2. in a ... position（situation）：
put sb in a difficult position
the company's financial position
to be in a position of power/ strength/ authority
7. innovate：bring something new to something
innovate new products
his constant desire to innovate and experiment
8. 关于金钱：
表示数量多：
the scale（表示数量多） of potential cost-savings
an amount equivalent to about 18% of GDP
profit most handsomely from the shift to digital
表示浪费，花费无效
much of this expenditure（the amount of money spent） is inefficient
one-fifth of spending on ... goes to waste
减少花费：
eliminate a fraction of this sum
9. 关于医疗的单词
1）telemedicine：healthcare provided using elctronic communications
2）predictive analytics：use statistical methods to sift data on outcomes for patients
outcome：selling products based on patient outcomes
（put the patient at the centre of their strategy）
3）automated diagnoses/ data-based diagnostics
diagnose cancer from blood tests
make diagnoses from scans
4）video-consultations app
conduct 5.4m video consultations
5）wearable sensors：measure things like blood pressure
6）pharmacy：a place where you can buy medicinal drugs
pharmacist：a person who prepares those drugs
pharmaceutical：related to pharmacies or pharmacists, though it especially refers to the kinds of medicines that they sell
the pharmaceutical industry/ firm
drug companies/ the pharma business
pharmacy-benefit managers：
PBM（药品福利管理）是医疗服务市场中的一种专业化第三方服务。提供该服务的机构一般介于市场内的支付方（商业保险机构，雇主等）、药品生产企业、医院和药房之间进行监督管理和协调工作。PBM基于患者就诊数据的采集分析，药品处方审核等对整个医疗服务流程进行管理和引导，从而达到对医疗服务进行有效监督、控制医疗费用支出、促进治疗效果的目的。
7）health insurers（a financial institution that sells insurance）
8）GP：general practitoner 家庭医生，百病都看的医生
10. three groups are fighting a war for control of the "health-care value chain"
value chain：a set of activities that a firm operating in a specific industry performs in order to deliver a valuable product or service for the market.
价值链中的每一个环节都为产品或服务增加价值，为实现同一个目标而努力，因此，它们不是相互竞争而是相互合作的。只有完成了价值链中的最后一个环节，这个产品或服务才是完整的。价值链可以用来描述多种情况，如把一件产品推向市场的过程（即从生产商、发货人到批发商、另一个发货人，再到零售商店）。
three groups：
"traditional" innovators
"incumbent players"：having an official position
<Annie>：责任者，付账的人
technology "insurgent"：a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)
11. 构词法：名词变动词
1）medical records are digitised
2）none of the anticipated difficultiesmateralised（ take place）
12. new kinds of patient data arrive from genomic sequencing
genome：the complete set of genes in a living thing
the human genome：人类基因组
genomic adj. genomic sequencing 基因组顺序
13. These buyers are increasingly demanding "value-based" reimbursement-- meaning that is a drug or device doesn't function well, it will not be bought.
1）reimburese：pay back for some expense incurred
<记忆> re(again)+im(in)+burse(purse)：in a purse again
Can the company reimburse me for my professional travel?
If you buy a basketball for your school team with your own money, you can ask your coach to reimburse you.
2）reimbursement：a repayment for money you've already spent.
got a reimbursement from the insurance company
he received reimbursement for his travel expenses
<Annie回答> reimbursement是在保险报销情境下的用词。也就是说没有效果的药品，医生开药给了病人，病人的保险公司也不报销
14. 篇章衔接分析：
Digital health care will also give rise to new services that might involve taking no drugs at all. 数据化健康管理可能会带来一些不需要吃药的新服务。
Diabetes is an obvious problem for the pharma business in this regard. Since evidence shows that exercise gives diabetics better control of their disease(and helps most pre-diabetics not to get sick at all), there is an opening for new services.
从这个角度出发，糖尿病对于医药产业来说就是一个大问题。因为数据说明锻炼可以帮助糖尿病人控制他们的疾病，甚至可以帮助没有的病的人们摆脱这个疾病，而这便是新服务产生的机会。
4）give rise to sth：to cause sth to happen
The novel's success gave rise to a number of sequels（续篇）.
... is an obvious problem for ... in this regard.
上文提到一个现象，下文进行进一步说明
diabetic：someone who has diabetes
pre-diabetics
there is an opening（opportunity） for new services
Her capabilities were always there, and all she needed was an opening to show them.
15. deride
deride：treat sb/sth as ridiculous and not worth considering seriously
He derided his student's attempt to solve the biggest problem in mathematics
His views were derided as old-fashioned.
... is derided for ending up in the back of a drawer. 被丢弃到抽屉角落
16. That is the backdrop to a new firm, a joint venture that ..., ... and ... set up last year. ...
backdrop：the backdrop of an event is the general situation in which it happens
17. The startup is a good hedge for Sanofi, which faces a slowdown in sales of its blockbuster insulin medication, Lantus, which lost patent protection in 2015.
startup：
adj. initial：start-up costs/capitals
n. the act of starting a new operation or practice
the startup of the new factory was delayed by strikes.
hedge：a way of protecting yourself against the loss of sth
Gold is traditionally a hedge against inflation
blockbuster：is very popular and successful (especially a book or a film)
a Hollywood blockbuster
insulin：胰岛素
18. admission
1）a fee charged for entry
admission charges/prices
2）the process of being granted entry
Hospital admission is not necessary in most cases.
住院可以怎么说：hospital admission，inpatient stays，spells in hosital
Hopsital admission for asthma attacks have doubled.
are expected to reduce admissions, particularly of the emergency kind that are most lucrative in commercial systems.
the university admissions office
She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice.
3）a confession that something is true
an admission od guilt/failure/defeat
19. mammogram：乳房X光检查
20. an intriguing recent project has been to stream and analyse live health data and deliver alerts on an app
intriguing：very interesting because of being unusual or not having an obvious answer
some intriguing finds，the intriguing book
21. have the boldest vision
22. 表示检测身体健康状态：monitor，detect concussions，check up on moles or ear infections，be screened by the firm， be under scrutiny
concussion：a violent blow, especially to the head, that often injures the brain or causes a loss of consciousness 脑震荡
He was taken to hospital with concussion.
a building can also suffer from a concussion during an earthquake
mole：
1）a large, sometimes raised freckle（or dark brown mark） on the skin
2）a small animal with dark grey fur, that is almost blind and digs tunnels underground to live in 鼹鼠
3）a spy, especially a double agent who pretends to work for one country while sending secret information to another
ear infections感染
hearing impairment
23. contraceptive：a drug, device or practive used to prevent a woman becoming pregnant
contraceptive pills/ precaution/ methods
24. predict the onset of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or even the menopause
at the onset/ the onset of sth：getting started, and it's often something that's not so pleasant
The onset of hurricane season
If you catch an infection right at the onset and treat it immediately, the infection may not last so long
Alzheimer's：first symptoms are impaired memory which is followed by impaired thought and speech and finally complete helplessness 老年痴呆症
Parkinson's：a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
menopause：the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual（月经的） cycle ends
25. onerous：very difficult to deal with or do
synonym：burdensome
an onerous duty/ task /responsibility
regulation on health data are less onerous
26. 各种投资
1）VC风险投资 ：VC（Venture Capital）Investment
又称“创业投资”是指由职业金融家投入到新兴的、迅速发展的、有巨大竞争力的企业中的一种权益资本，是以高科技与知识为基础，生产与经营技术密集的创新产品或服务的投资。
风险投资在创业企业发展初期投入风险资本，待其发育相对成熟后，通过市场退出机制将所投入的资本由股权形态转化为资金形态，以收回投资。风险投资的运作过程分为融资过程、投资过程、退出过程。
2）天使投资
在创业和投资圈，有一种投资人被创业者称为“天使投资人”，意思是这些投资人给处于困难之中的创业者带来希望和帮助，是帮助他们渡过难关的“天使”，这个称谓表达出了创业者对这些天使投资人的崇敬和尊重。
天使投资（Angels Invest）是指个人出资协助具有专门技术或独特概念而缺少自有资金的创业家进行创业，并承担创业中的高风险和享受创业成功后的高收益。或者说是自由投资者或非正式风险投资机构对原创项目构思或小型初创企业进行的一次性的前期投资。它是风险投资的一种形式。
China saw its two largest VC investments in digital health care last year. One went into a Chinese medical-service app, which raised $500m; a video consultations app raised $183m.
27. Amazon and Google are not the only giants to be stalking health care.
stalk：
1）n. a thin stem that supports a leaf, flower or fruit
2）v. walk stiffly or angrily
If someone insults you, you might stalk from the room and refuse to listen to another word.
3）v. to move slowly or quietly towards an animal or a person, in order to kill, or catch it
When hunting, an animal stalks its prey — it follows its quarry（=prey） stealthily until it's time to pounce.
4）v. to illegally follow and watch sb, in a way that is annoying or frightening
She claimed that he has been stalking her over a period of three years.
28. a sedentary lifestyle will exacerbate a heart condition
exacerbate：to make worse
<同义> Worsen,intensify,aggravate and compound
exacerbate the problem
A drought will exacerbate a country's food shortage.
29. technology companies are too cavalier with their users' data
cavalier：not caring enough about sth important or about the feelings of other people
The government takes a cavalier attitude to the problems of prison overcrowding.
If you have a cavalier attitude, you look down on other people
30. Such firms typically use long agreements on data rights that are hard for individuals to understand. The medical world places importance on informed consent, so a clash of cultures seems inevitable.
consent：
1）n. permission to do sth
give/ refuse, withhold consent（n.） to sth
without sb's consent
2）agree to sth：consent to do sth
群里的解释：而医药领域对用户的知情权同意权很看重，所以不同观念的矛盾不可避免
在医疗领域中，知情权的核心含义是当人们被告知了一些可能影响其决策的基本事实和风险后，自主选择是否参与到一项研究或者治疗行为中
在医院调动病人的治疗记录需要经过很多人的同意，但是在科技公司他们可以直接进行数据开发
31. Investors hope for billlion-dollar health-tech "unicorns"
<群里讨论>
unicorn：所谓“独角兽公司”是指那些估值达到10亿美元以上的初创企业。
31. Payers eye equally sizeable savings.
<群里讨论>
eye：look at sth carefully
sizeable：large in amount：a sizeable fortune
equally：used to introduce another phrase or idea that adds to and is as important as what you have just said.（用于补充观点或与上一观点形成对比）同理，同样地
I'm trying to do what is best, but equally I've got to consider the cost.
32. a voice-driven computer that answers to the name of Alexa
提问补充：answers to the name of= be called sth
Day 13：逻辑图
Day 14：Summary
思维图如何构建实操版感悟：
This passage appears easier than the former one, partly due to the less new vocabularies and strange financial backgrounds, but I still felt frustrated when I saw the huge difference between my mindmap and Annie's.
这篇文章的几个重要的，不变的元素不难找到。文章主要谈的是：Digital Health Care，读完两遍的感觉是每段都说了一些health-care products 和services，以及他们对于drug companies, hospitals，patients, payers等等的影响。基于前一篇文章的练习，已经有了打散文章，重新梳理逻辑关系的初步感知。
When I make the mindmap, I find it is really hard to decide which details should be eliminated and which ones should be not. Regarding to the health care products, I copied the items as it lists in the paragraph, and found it hard to draw the lines from each product to different players. Then I found Annie add Adminidtrative assitance and AI Doctor under the Digital Health care, makes it easy to illustrate the points that doctors save administrative duties but are under identity risks under the use of digital health care products.
Besides how to illustrate the relations between two things and add factors to the existing structure of the mindmap are difficult for me, because it tests my capabality to summarize, which is my weakpoint unfortunately. For example, the passage mentions "high and inefficient health spending" are the reasons of the advent of the digital health care, so I add a line to explain this fact without a second thought. However I found Annie use this one to explain the relationship between digital health care and incumbents, revealing the fact that incumbents are expense payers, and health care can help them save costs.
