Lesson 67 Volcanoes
Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.
ˈlɛsən 67 vɑlˈkeɪnoʊz
Haroun Tazieff, ðə ˈpɑlɪʃ ˈsaɪəntɪst, həz spɛnt ɪz laɪf-taɪm ˈstʌdiɪŋ ˈæktɪv vɑlˈkeɪnoʊz ənd dip keɪvz ɪn ɔl pɑrts əv ðəwɜrld.
ɪn 1948, hi wɛnt tə leɪk Kivu ɪn ðə ˈkɑŋgoʊ tʊ əbˈzɜrv ə nu vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ wɪʧ hi ˈleɪtər neɪmd Kituro.
Tazieff wəz ˈeɪbəl tə sɛt ʌp ɪz kæmp ˈvɛri kloʊs tə ðə vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ waɪl ɪt wəz ˌɪˈrʌptɪŋ ˈvaɪələntli.
ðoʊ hi ˈmænəʤd tə teɪk ə ˈnʌmbər əv ˈbrɪljəntˈfoʊtəˌgræfs, hi kəd nɑt steɪ nɪr ðə vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ fər ˈvɛri lɔŋ.
hi ˈnoʊtəst ðət ə ˈrɪvər əv ˈlɪkwəd rɑk wəz ˈkʌmɪŋ təˈwɔrdz hɪm.
ɪtˈθrɛtənd tə səˈraʊnd ɪm kəmˈplitli, bət Tazieff ˈmænəʤd tʊ ɪˈskeɪp ʤəst ɪn taɪm.
hi ˈweɪtəd ənˈtɪl ðə vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ bɪˈkeɪm ˈkwaɪətənd hi wəz ˈeɪbəl tə rɪˈtɜrn tu deɪz ˈleɪtər.
ðɪs taɪm, hi ˈmænəʤd tə klaɪm ˈɪntə ðə maʊθ əv Kituro soʊ ðət hi kəd teɪkˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ənd ˈmɛʒər ˈtɛmprəʧərz.
Tazieff həz ˈɔfən rɪskt ɪz laɪf ɪn ðɪs weɪ.
hi həz bɪn ˈeɪbəl tə tɛl əs mɔr əˈbaʊt ˈæktɪvvɑlˈkeɪnoʊz ðən ˈɛni mæn əˈlaɪv.
observe:
Observe is often used to mean “remark” or “comment.” When trying to start up a conversation with an attractive stranger, you might observe that it’s raining outside (but hopefully you’ll come up with something more interesting to say).
Observe has several secondary meanings, one of which is “notice” or “discover.” If you start a conversation with that attractive stranger, you’ll probably observe whether he or she seems interested in talking to you.Observe can also mean “watch carefully with great interest”; you might be tempted to observe the attractive stranger in this manner, but that might make him or her uncomfortable. Try to stay cool.
1. to see or notice sb. sth 看到；注意到；观察到
All the characters in the novel are closely observed(= seem like people in real life).
小说中的人物个个栩栩如生。
2. to watch somebody or something carefully, especially to learn more about them. 观察；注视；监视 【monitor】
3. formal to make a remark
[syn] comment
She observed that it was getting late.
4. to obey rules, law, etc.
Will the rebels observe the ceasefire?
The crowd observed a minute's silence in memory of those who had died.
5. to celebrate festivals, birthdays, etc. 庆祝；庆贺；欢度
Do they observe Christmas?
erupt
A rash, a volcano, applause, violence, all of these are things that are prone to erupt, meaning they suddenly become active.
The word erupt has origins in the Latin word eruptus, the past participle of erumpere, meaning to burst forth. This lively verb can be used to describe anything that is released in a quick, violent burst, such as a bomb exploding or lava spewing forth from a volcano or even laughter. It can also be used to describe the arrival of things that burst through more quietly (but often more painfully), such as a skin condition or a tooth that’s breaking through one's gum.
1. 火山爆发；岩浆、烟等喷出，explode
2. erupt into sth
to start happening, suddenly and violently
= break out
Violence erupted outside the embassy gates. 大使馆门外突然发生了暴乱。
The unrest erupted into revolution. 动乱爆发为革命。
3. to suddenly express your feelings very strongly, especially by shouting loudly. 突然发出，尤指叫喊
My father just erupted into fury. 我父亲勃然大怒。
When Davis scored for the third time the crowd erupted. 戴维斯第三次得分，观众欢声雷动。
4. to suddenly appear on your skin (原来突然出疹子就是用的这个词呀)
A rash had erupted all over his chest. 他的胸部突然出满了疹子。
》》》eruption
a major volcanic eruption 火山大爆发
an eruption of violent protest 暴力反抗的爆发
skin rashes and eruptions 皮疹和疹子
threat
A threat is an impending danger that has the potential to cause serious harm — it just hasn't done so yet. In The Wizard of Oz, the huge tornado that spiraled across the Kansas countryside posed a threat to the little girl named Dorothy in its path.
If a huge thug carrying an equally huge knife approaches you in a dark alley and demands, "Your wallet or your life," you feel the imminent threat. Your safety is at risk, especially if you don't hand over that wallet. Threats don't have to be big and scary, though. An extra-large slice of chocolate cake isn't armed and dangerous, but it's still a serious threat to any dieter who's trying to cut calories. Or, you could see a gray cloud as promising the threat of rain showers.
pose a threat: The dispute poses a direct threat to peace.
threat to: He saw the other man as threat to his marriage.
face a threat: they face the threat of terrorism every day.
make/ issue a threat: he would not make threats he wasn't prepared to carry out.
threat of : after threats of legal action they stopped the building work.
an idle/ empty threat: this isn't just an idle threat.
a bomb threat: a bomb threat forced them to make an emergency landing.
death threats: he had received death threats.
经常与threat搭配使用过的动词：avert, combat, constitute, counter, dismiss, face, ignore, neutralize, pose, present
measure
To measure something is to figure out how much of it is there. A measure can also be a step toward a goal: take measures to ensure you don't flunk an exam by cracking the books.
You can take measures to improve your health: limit sweets, get enough rest, get some exercise, and wash your hands to avoid the spread of germs. The noun also means a standard for comparison. You can measure your time against the good you will do if you volunteer to help out a child via a mentoring program.
phrasal verbs:
1. measure sb. sth against sb. or sth.
to compare sb./ sth. with sb./ sth.
The figures are not very good when measured against those of our competitors.
2. measure sth out
to take the amount of sth that you need from a larger amount 取出或量出所需量
He measured out a cup of milk and added it to the mixture.
3. measure up 测量；量度
We spent the morning measuring up and deciding where the furniture would go.
4. measure up to sth. sb. 通常用于否定句与疑问句
to be as good, successful, etc. as expected or needed. 达到预期的要求；符合标准
【syn】match up
Last year's intake just didn't measure up.
去年纳入的人数没有达到预期的要求。
The job failed to measure up to her expectations. 这项工作没有满足她的预期。
练习感悟：
1. volcano习惯了念vɑl，改了很久，读成vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ，什么时候才能切换自如呀。
2. Kituro两种读法，但是尾音o始终不明白读得是什么，ou还是u。最开始听的ou，后面越听越觉得带着u，魔怔了。
3. 今天家里两个病号，笔记做的很赶，没有好好吸收，也没有造句，音标也好几天没有学习了。所以事情多的时候，怎么安排学习呢？而且如果想要细致的学习，单单一项就花去大量时间，最近在规定时间内完成还是挺有成效的，就是都不能学习音标了，不然时间超过了，晚上就没办法陪儿子了，然后没有办法早睡早起，上幼儿园就会迟到，所以还是要提高效率， 不走神，不分心，在规定时间全神贯注，如果真的完成不了那么多，抓重点，细致地做一项就够好了。
见过这两单词至少两次，今天又碰到了，记录在此，希望不要忘记啦～
