Linux是什么

Linux是开源的操作系统，应用场景主要是在服务器（supercomputer），进行大量数据处理。

权限控制

多用户权限控制

命令行模式

操作以命令行操作为主

目录结构

仅可对宿主目录进行操作

零成本召唤Linux

Windows Linux子系统安装

实验室服务器

云服务器

实操上机

To update your account to use zsh, please run `chsh -s /bin/zsh`.
For more details, please visit https://support.apple.com/kb/HT208050.
YuxideMacBook-Pro:~ yuxiyang$ ssh bio04@122.51.158.112
bio04@122.51.158.112's password: 
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-54-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  System information as of Wed Sep  9 09:43:14 CST 2020

  System load:  0.0                Processes:           93
  Usage of /:   34.7% of 49.15GB   Users logged in:     0
  Memory usage: 29%                IP address for eth0: 172.17.0.10
  Swap usage:   0%

 * Kubernetes 1.19 is out! Get it in one command with:

     sudo snap install microk8s --channel=1.19 --classic

   https://microk8s.io/ has docs and details.

 * Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
   - Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
     https://ubuntu.com/livepatch

*** System restart required ***

The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.

bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ pwd
/home/bio04
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ mkdir biosofr
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ mkdir biosoft
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ mkdir project
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ mkdir tmp
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ mkdir src
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls
biosofr  biosoft  project  src  tmp
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ rmdir biosofr
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ ls
biosoft  project  src  tmp
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~$ cd tmp
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ mkdir rm_test
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cd rm_test
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp/rm_test$ touch doodle.txt
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp/rm_test$ mkdir huahua
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp/rm_test$ cd huahua
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp/rm_test/huahua$ touch haha.txt
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp/rm_test/huahua$ ...
...: command not found
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp/rm_test/huahua$ cd ..
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp/rm_test$ ls
doodle.txt  huahua
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp/rm_test$ rm -r doodle.txt
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp/rm_test$ ls
huahua
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp/rm_test$ rm -r huahua
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp/rm_test$ cd ..
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ls
rm_test
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ rmdir rm_test
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ls
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cd tmp
-bash: cd: tmp: No such file or directory
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ls
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ vi hello_world.txt
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ls
hello_world.txt
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cat hello_world.txt
Interesting.
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ head hello_world.txt
Interesting.
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ cp hello_world.txt new_file.txt
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$ ls
hello_world.txt  new_file.txt
bio04@VM-0-10-ubuntu:~/tmp$