一、设置 root 账号的密码
$sudo passwd root
输入新密码并重复一次。
二、更改 apt 源
备份并编辑/etc/apt/sources.list文件
$sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old
$sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
将原有内容用'#'注释掉，在末尾添加以下内容：
## 阿里云源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
或者以下其他服务器源：
##中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
## 清华大学源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
## 163源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
保存之后执行
$sudo apt-get update
来更新 apt 缓存。
三、安装自定义字体
将下载的字体放入用户目录下的 .local/share/fonts 文件夹中，执行以下命令：
$sudo mkfontscale
$sudo mkfontdir
$sudo fc-cache
四、安装必要软件
-
Persepolis 内置aria2的下载工具**
FireFox浏览器可以安装Persepolis extension插件调用Persepolis下载$sudo add-apt-repository ppa:persepolis/ppa $sudo apt update $sudo apt install persepolis -
WPS Office
下载地址
进入下载文件夹$sudo dpkg -i wps-office_10.1.0.6634_amd64.deb -
搜狗输入法
卸载系统自带的 iBus 输入法框架
下载地址$sudo apt-get remove --purge ibus
进入下载文件夹$sudo apt-get install -f #解决依赖包问题 $sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0108_amd64.deb -
exfat格式支持
$sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse -
rar解压软件
$sudo apt-get install unrar -
网易云音乐
下载地址
进入下载文件夹$sudo apt-get install -f #解决依赖包的问题 $sudo dpkg -i netease-cloud-music_1.1.0_amd64_ubuntu.deb -
VLC Media Player
$sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/master-daily $sudo apt-get update $sudo apt-get install vlc -
TeamViewer
下载地址
进入下载文件夹sudo apt-get install ./teamviewer_amd64.deb -
Git
$sudo apt-get install git $git config --global user.name "Your Name" $git config --global user.email "email@example.com" -
Sublime
$sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https $wget -qO - https://download.sublimetext.com/sublimehq-pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - $echo "deb https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list $sudo apt-get update $sudo apt-get install sublime-text -
Visual Studio Code
下载地址
进入下载文件夹$sudo dpkg -i code_1.24.0-1528306776_amd64.deb -
pip & pipenv
安装完成后重启下。$sudo apt-get install python3-pip $pip3 install pipenv
五、界面美化
- 首先安装Gnome界面设置工具Tweak Tool
用Firefox打开网站：https://extensions.gnome.org/ 点击Click here to install browser extension 安装浏览器插件，然后安装 chrome-gnome-shell$sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool
安装完成后在https://extensions.gnome.org/网站安装以下三个扩展：$sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell- User Themes
- Dash to Dock
- Gnome Global Application Menu
- 在用户主目录下的
.local/share文件夹中新建themes文件夹 -
https://www.gnome-look.org/网站集合了众多界面、图标等主题和壁纸，在 GTK3 Themes 类别中找到Gnome-OSC主题，下载Gnome-OSC-HS--2-themes.tar.xz文件，解压得到
Gnome-OSC-HS--2-themes文件夹，将里面的Gnome-OSC-HS-(transparent)文件夹复制到之前建立的themes文件夹中，在Gnome-tweak-tool 中选择 应用程序主题 - Gnome-OSC-HS-(transparent) 。 - 还是在https://www.gnome-look.org/网站，Gnome shell Themes 类别中找到 Human Shell Theme Collection 主题，下载Human-NEXT.zip文件，解压得到
Human-NEXT文件夹，将其复制到之前的themes文件夹中，在Gnome-tweak-tool 中选择 Shell 主题 - Human-NEXT 。 - 安装图标
在Gnome-tweak-tool 中选择 图标主题 - Paper 。$sudo add-apt-repository ppa:snwh/pulp $sudo apt-get update $sudo apt-get install paper-icon-theme
