一、 在任意文件夹下面创建形如 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9 格式的文件夹系列
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ mkdir -p 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
1
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ tree
.
└── 1
└── 2
└── 3
└── 4
└── 5
└── 6
└── 7
└── 8
└── 9
9 directories, 0 files
- 这个题目考的
mkdir -p
的用法,详见Linux Day1: cd/pwd/mkdir/rmdir
二、在创建好的文件夹下面,比如我的是 /Users/jimmy/tmp/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9 ,里面创建文本文件 me.txt
三、在文本文件 me.txt 里面输入内容:
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cd ./1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9$ touch me.txt
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9$ ls
me.txt
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9$ vim me.txt
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9$ cat me.txt
Go to: http://www.biotrainee.com/
I love bioinfomatics.
And you ?
-
cd ./1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/
善用Tab键补全 -
touch
、vi
/vim
、cat
的使用,详见:
Linux Day4: more/less/touch
Linux Day20:Vim
Linux Day3: cat/nl/head/tail - 这个题也可以使用:
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat > me.txt
Go to: http://www.biotrainee.com/
I love bioinfomatics.
And you ?
^C
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat me.txt
Go to: http://www.biotrainee.com/
I love bioinfomatics.
And you ?
-
>
的用法可以参考:Liunx Day15:管道和重定向
四、删除上面创建的文件夹 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9
及文本文件 me.txt
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~$ cd test/
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
1
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ rm -r 1/
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ tree
.
0 directories, 0 files
-
rm
的用法,详见:Linux Day2: ls/cp/rm/mv
五、在任意文件夹下面创建 folder1~5这5个文件夹,然后每个文件夹下面继续创建 folder1~5这5个文件夹,效果如下:
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ mkdir -p folder{1..5}/folder{1..5}
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls *
folder1:
folder1 folder2 folder3 folder4 folder5
folder2:
folder1 folder2 folder3 folder4 folder5
folder3:
folder1 folder2 folder3 folder4 folder5
folder4:
folder1 folder2 folder3 folder4 folder5
folder5:
folder1 folder2 folder3 folder4 folder5
六、在第五题创建的每一个文件夹下面都 创建第二题文本文件 me.txt ,内容也要一样。
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ echo folder{1..5}/folder{1..5}|xargs -n 1 cp me.txt
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ tree
.
|-- folder1
| |-- folder1
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder2
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder3
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder4
| | `-- me.txt
| `-- folder5
| `-- me.txt
|-- folder2
| |-- folder1
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder2
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder3
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder4
| | `-- me.txt
| `-- folder5
| `-- me.txt
|-- folder3
| |-- folder1
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder2
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder3
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder4
| | `-- me.txt
| `-- folder5
| `-- me.txt
|-- folder4
| |-- folder1
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder2
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder3
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder4
| | `-- me.txt
| `-- folder5
| `-- me.txt
|-- folder5
| |-- folder1
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder2
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder3
| | `-- me.txt
| |-- folder4
| | `-- me.txt
| `-- folder5
| `-- me.txt
`-- me.txt
30 directories, 26 files
-
xargs
的用法xargs命令
七,再次删除掉前面几个步骤建立的文件夹及文件
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
folder1 folder2 folder3 folder4 folder5 me.txt
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ rm -rf folder*
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
me.txt
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ rm me.txt
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$
八、下载 http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/igv/test.bed 文件,后在里面选择含有 H3K4me3 的那一行是第几行,该文件总共有几行。
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ wget -c http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/igv/test.bed
--2018-12-11 20:14:50-- http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/igv/test.bed
Resolving www.biotrainee.com (www.biotrainee.com)... 123.206.72.184
Connecting to www.biotrainee.com (www.biotrainee.com)|123.206.72.184|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 3099 (3.0K)
Saving to: ‘test.bed’
test.bed 100%[=========================>] 3.03K --.-KB/s in 0s
2018-12-11 20:14:50 (480 MB/s) - ‘test.bed’ saved [3099/3099]
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
test.bed
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat test.bed | grep -n H3K4me3
8:chr1 9810 10438 ID=SRX387603;Name=H3K4me3%20(@%20HMLE);Title=GSM1280527:%20HMLE%20Twist3D%20H3K4me3%20rep2%3B%20Homo%20sapiens%3B%20ChIP-Seq;Cell%20group=Breast;<br>source_name=HMLE_Twist3D_H3K4me3;cell%20type=human%20mammary%20epithelial%20cells;transfected%20with=Twist1;culture%20type=sphere;chip%20antibody=H3K4me3;chip%20antibody%20vendor=Millipore; 222 . 9810 10438 0,226,255
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat test.bed |wc
10 88 3099
-
grep
及wc
的用法可见:
Linux Day21:grep/sed/awk
wc的用法
九、下载 http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/rmDuplicate.zip 文件,并且解压,查看里面的文件夹结构
# 下载
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ wget http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/rmDuplicate.zip
--2018-12-11 21:02:42-- http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/rmDuplicate.zip
Resolving www.biotrainee.com (www.biotrainee.com)... 123.206.72.184
Connecting to www.biotrainee.com (www.biotrainee.com)|123.206.72.184|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 104931 (102K) [application/zip]
Saving to: ‘rmDuplicate.zip’
rmDuplicate.zip 100%[=========================>] 102.47K 523KB/s in 0.2s
2018-12-11 21:02:43 (523 KB/s) - ‘rmDuplicate.zip’ saved [104931/104931]
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ ls
rmDuplicate.zip test.bed
# 解压
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ unzip rmDuplicate.zip
Archive: rmDuplicate.zip
creating: rmDuplicate/
creating: rmDuplicate/picard/
creating: rmDuplicate/picard/paired/
inflating: rmDuplicate/picard/paired/readme.txt
···
inflating: rmDuplicate/samtools/single/tmp.sorted.vcf.gz
# 查看文件结构
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cd rmDuplicate/
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/rmDuplicate$ tree
.
├── picard
│ ├── paired
│ │ ├── readme.txt
│ │ ├── tmp.header
│ │ ├── tmp.MarkDuplicates.log
│ │ ├── tmp.metrics
│ │ ├── tmp.rmdup.bai
│ │ ├── tmp.rmdup.bam
│ │ ├── tmp.sam
│ │ └── tmp.sorted.bam
│ └── single
│ ├── readme.txt
│ ├── tmp.header
│ ├── tmp.MarkDuplicates.log
│ ├── tmp.metrics
│ ├── tmp.rmdup.bai
│ ├── tmp.rmdup.bam
│ ├── tmp.sam
│ └── tmp.sorted.bam
└── samtools
├── paired
│ ├── readme.txt
│ ├── tmp.header
│ ├── tmp.rmdup.bam
│ ├── tmp.rmdup.vcf.gz
│ ├── tmp.sam
│ ├── tmp.sorted.bam
│ └── tmp.sorted.vcf.gz
└── single
├── readme.txt
├── tmp.header
├── tmp.rmdup.bam
├── tmp.rmdup.vcf.gz
├── tmp.sam
├── tmp.sorted.bam
└── tmp.sorted.vcf.gz
6 directories, 30 files
- 解压命令的使用Linux Day27:Linux 压缩、解压缩命令
十、打开第九题解压的文件,进入 rmDuplicate/samtools/single 文件夹里面,查看后缀为 .sam 的文件,搞清楚 生物信息学里面的SAM/BAM 定义是什么
- 详细可看浅谈SAM格式
十一、安装 samtools 软件
vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/src$ source ~/miniconda3/bin/activate
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/src$ conda install samtools=1.8 y
# 检查一下能否运行
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/src$ samtools
Program: samtools (Tools for alignments in the SAM format)
Version: 1.7 (using htslib 1.7)
Usage: samtools <command> [options]
- conda的安装及使用:Conda的安装
十二、打开后缀为BAM 的文件,找到产生该文件的命令。 提示一下命令是:
十三题、根据上面的命令,找到我使用的参考基因组 /home/jianmingzeng/reference/index/bowtie/hg38 具体有多少条染色体
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~$ samtools view -H ~/test/rmDuplicate/samtools/single/tmp.sorted.bam |awk '{print $2}'|cut -c4-9|sort -n|uniq -c|grep -v '_'
1 bowtie
1 chr1
1 chr10
1 chr11
1 chr12
1 chr13
1 chr14
1 chr15
1 chr16
1 chr17
1 chr18
1 chr19
1 chr2
1 chr20
1 chr21
1 chr22
1 chr3
1 chr4
1 chr5
1 chr6
1 chr7
1 chr8
1 chr9
1 chrM
1 chrX
1 chrY
1 1.0
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~$ samtools view -H ~/test/rmDuplicate/samtools/single/tmp.sorted.bam |awk '{print $2}'|cut -c4-9|sort -n|uniq -c|grep -v '_'|wc
27 54 365
# 不算前两个,应该是25条
十四题、上面的后缀为BAM 的文件的第二列,只有 0 和 16 两个数字,用 cut/sort/uniq等命令统计它们的个数。
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~$ samtools view ~/test/rmDuplicate/samtools/single/tmp.sorted.bam |cut -f2|sort|uniq -c
29 0
24 16
十五题、重新打开 rmDuplicate/samtools/paired 文件夹下面的后缀为BAM 的文件,再次查看第二列,并且统计
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/rmDuplicate/samtools/paired$ samtools view tmp.sorted.bam | cut -f2|sort -n |uniq -c
3 83
2 97
9 99
8 147
3 163
1 323
1 353
1 371
1 387
1 433
十六题、下载 http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/sickle/sickle-results.zip 文件,并且解压,查看里面的文件夹结构, 这个文件有2.3M,注意留心下载时间及下载速度。
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cd sickle-results/
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/sickle-results$ tree
.
├── command.txt
├── single_tmp_fastqc.html
├── single_tmp_fastqc.zip
├── test1_fastqc.html
├── test1_fastqc.zip
├── test2_fastqc.html
├── test2_fastqc.zip
├── trimmed_output_file1_fastqc.html
├── trimmed_output_file1_fastqc.zip
├── trimmed_output_file2_fastqc.html
└── trimmed_output_file2_fastqc.zip
十七题、解压 sickle-results/single_tmp_fastqc.zip 文件,并且进入解压后的文件夹,找到 fastqc_data.txt 文件,并且搜索该文本文件以 >>开头的有多少行?
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/sickle-results/single_tmp_fastqc$ cat fastqc_data.txt | grep '^>>'|wc -l
24
# 也可以使用:
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test/sickle-results/single_tmp_fastqc$ cat fastqc_data.txt | awk '/^>>/{print $0}'|wc -l
24
十八题、下载 http://www.biotrainee.com/jmzeng/tmp/hg38.tss 文件,去NCBI找到TP53/BRCA1等自己感兴趣的基因对应的 refseq数据库 ID,然后找到它们的hg38.tss 文件的哪一行。
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat hg38.tss | grep -n "NM_001126113"
29346:NM_001126113 chr17 7685550 7689550 1
十九题、解析hg38.tss 文件,统计每条染色体的基因个数。
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat hg38.tss |cut -f2|sort|uniq -c|grep -v '_'
6050 chr1
2824 chr10
3449 chr11
2931 chr12
1122 chr13
1883 chr14
2168 chr15
2507 chr16
3309 chr17
873 chr18
3817 chr19
4042 chr2
1676 chr20
868 chr21
1274 chr22
3277 chr3
2250 chr4
2684 chr5
3029 chr6
2720 chr7
2069 chr8
2301 chr9
2 chrM
2553 chrX
414 chrY
二十题、解析hg38.tss 文件,统计NM和NR开头的熟练,了解NM和NR开头的含义。
(base) vip39@VM-0-15-ubuntu:~/test$ cat hg38.tss |awk '{print$1}'|cut -c1-2|sort|uniq -c
51064 NM
15954 NR
生信技能树公益视频合辑:学习顺序是linux,r,软件安装,geo,小技巧,ngs组学!
请猛戳下面链接:
B站链接:https://m.bilibili.com/space/338686099
YouTube链接:https://m.youtube.com/channel/UC67sImqK7V8tSWHMG8azIVA/playlists
生信工程师入门最佳指南:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/vaX4ttaLIa19MefD86WfUA