Merriam-Webster's Vocabulary Builder 词根笔记（3）BELL

获取更多内容，关注微信公众号"Progressing"。

学习指南：

1.每篇文章介绍一个词根及四个含有词根的单词

2.单词的详细内容包括音标、定义、例句及解释

BELL comes from the Latin word meaning "war." Bellona was the little-known Roman goddess of war; her husband, Mars, was the god of war.

BELL来自拉丁词，意思是“战争”。 Bellona 是鲜为人知的罗马战争女神， 她的丈夫，Mars，是战争之神。

1.antebellum/ˌæntiˈbeləm/

Existing before a war, especially before the American Civil War (1861—65).（美国南北） 战争前的

When World War I was over, the French nobility（贵族(阶层)）found it impossible to return to their extravagant（奢侈的） antebellum way of life.

Even countries that win a war often end up worse off than they had been before, and the losers almost always do. So antebellum often summons up（唤起;使想起） images of ease, elegance, and entertainment that disappeared in the postwar（战后的） years. In the American South, the antebellum way of life depended on a social structure, based on slavery, that collapsed after the Civil War; Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind（飘） shows the nostalgia（(尤指对极幸福时光的)怀念;怀旧;念旧）and bitterness felt by wealthy Southerners after the war more than the relief and anticipation（期盼） experienced by those released from slavery. In Europe, World War I shattered the grand life of the upper classes, even in victorious France and Britain, and changed society hugely in the space of just four years.

2.bellicose/ˈbelɪkəʊs $ -koʊs/

Warlike, aggressive, quarrelsome.好斗的；好战的；好争吵的

The more bellicose party always got elected whenever there was tension along the border and the public believed that military action would lead to security.

Since bellicose describes an attitude that hopes for actual war, the word is generally applied to nations and their leaders. In the 20th century, it was commonly used to describe such figures as Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm, Italy's Benito Mussolini, and Japan's General Tojo, leaders who believed their countries had everything to gain by starting wars. The international relations of a nation with a bellicose foreign policy tend to be stormy and difficult, and bellicosity usually makes the rest of the world very uneasy.

3.belligerence/bəˈlıʤərəns/ 

Aggressiveness, combativeness.形容词belligerent（人）好战的，好斗的，寻衅的

The belligerence in Turner's voice told them that the warning was a serious threat.

Unlike bellicose and bellicosity, the word belligerence can be used at every level from the personal to the global. The belligerence of Marlon Brando's（马龙·白兰度）performances as the violent Stanley Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire（《欲望号街车》） electrified（使极为兴奋;使激动不已） the country in the1940s and '50s. At the same time, belligerent speeches by leaders of the Soviet Union（苏联） and the United States throughout the Cold War were keeping the world on edge. Belligerent is even a noun; the terrible war in the Congo（刚果） in recent years, for example, has involved seven nations as belligerents（交战国；交战方）.

4.rebellion/rɪˈbeljən/

Open defiance（违抗;蔑视;挑战） and opposition, sometimes armed, to a person or thing in authority.谋反；叛乱；反叛

A student rebellion that afternoon in Room13 resulted in the new substitute teacher racing out of the building in tears.

Plenty of teenagers rebel against their parents in all kinds of ways. But a rebellion usually involves agroup. Armed rebellions are usually put down by a country's armed forces, or at least kept from expanding beyond a small area. The American War of Independence was first viewed by the British as a minor rebellion that would soon run its course（按常规发展）, but this particular rebellion led to a full-fledged（羽翼丰满；成熟的） revolution—that is,the overthrow（推翻） of a government. Rebellion, armed or otherwise, has often alerted those in power that those they control are very unhappy.