Swift4 -- 新特性

1. 单边 ranges

//ranges
let nums = ["1","2","3"]
//swift3
nums[0...2]
//swift4
nums[0...]

无限序列

var a = 1...
print(a.contains(100000))

这里的a 的类型 CountablePartialRangeForm 遵循 RangeExpression 协议

模式匹配

配合 switch

func descNums(_ num: Int) -> String {
    switch num  {
    case ..<10:
        return "一位数字"
    default:
        return "多位数"
    }
}

descNums(9)

2. Strings

现在String 是集合类型实现了集合的方法

let string = "1234"
string.count
string.isEmpty

for item in string {
    print(item)
}

String的子字符串的类型现在必须为String.index 或者Range<String.index> 以前可以为Int

string[string.startIndex..<string.endIndex]
string.prefix(3)
string.prefix(upTo: string.endIndex)

let b = string[string.startIndex..<string.endIndex]
type(of: b) // Substring.type

let c = String(b)
type(of: c) // String.type

截取的substring 指向的是原版本string的那块内存

unicode

let d: Character = "😝"
type(of: d) //Character


let d1 = "😝"
type(of: d1) //String

Range<String.Index> 和 NSRange 转换

NSRegularExpression, NSAttributedString, NSLinguisticTagger api 需要NSRange

Foundation 提供新的初始化方法

// Rnage -> NSRange
let aa = "a124😝"
let range = NSRange(aa.startIndex..., in: aa) //region Range<String.index>

aa.utf16.count // 6
aa.count // 5

这里NSRange 是已utf-16 计数

//NSRange -> Range
let text = "You have traveled 483.2 miles."
let pattern = "[0-9]+(\\.([0-9])?)?"

let regex = try! NSRegularExpression(pattern: pattern, options: [])

let nsrange = NSRange(text.startIndex..., in: text)

let mile = regex.rangeOfFirstMatch(in: text, options: [], range: nsrange)

let range1 = Range(mile, in: text)

print(range1)

text[range1!] //483.2

多行字符串

let multiString = """
AAA
bbb
ccc
"""

3 字典增强功能

基于序列初始化字典

let array = ["1","2","3"]

//[1:"1",2:"2",3:"3"]
let dic = Dictionary.init(uniqueKeysWithValues: zip(1..., array))

let tupleArray = [(1,"1"),(2,"2")]
let dic2 = Dictionary.init(uniqueKeysWithValues: tupleArray)

合并

当转化字典的时候可能遇到key 冲突
可以确定第一个或者最后一个解决冲突

let pairsWithDuplicateKeys = [("a", 1), ("b", 2), ("a", 3), ("b", 4)]

     let firstValues = Dictionary(pairsWithDuplicateKeys,
                                  uniquingKeysWith: { (first, _) in first })
     // ["b": 2, "a": 1]

     let lastValues = Dictionary(pairsWithDuplicateKeys,
                                 uniquingKeysWith: { (_, last) in last })
     // ["b": 4, "a": 3]

let defaultStyling: [String: UIColor] = [
    "body": .black, "title": .blue, "byline": .green
]
var userStyling: [String: UIColor] = [
    "body": .purple, "title": .blue
]
userStyling.merge(defaultStyling) { (user, _) -> UIColor in
    user
}
// ["body": .purple, "title": .blue, "byline": .green]

下标值

aa[3] ?? "55" //3
aa[3, default: "55"] //4

数组分组划分为字典

let aa = [1,2,3,4,-1]

let dic = Dictionary.init(grouping: aa) { (key) -> String in
    if(key > 0) {
        return "1"
    }else {
        return "-1"
    }
}
//["1": [1, 2, 3, 4], "-1": [-1]]

4 @objc 和 @nonobjc

在swift 4 重写和继承都会
继承@objc 标识符

class Super {
  @objc func foo() {}
}

class Sub: Super {
  // inferred @objc
  override func foo() {}
}

@objc protocol MyDelegate {
  func bar()
}

class MyThirdClass: MyDelegate {
  // inferred @objc
  func bar() {}
}

其他

extension 中的privite

以前声明privite 为私有属性当extension扩展需要私有属性的时候
用fileprivite声明

swift4 privite 默认同文件中 extension 也可以获取到私有属性

swapAt

var numbers = Array(1...5)
//swap(&numbers[1], &numbers[3]) // Illegal in Swift 4
numbers.swapAt(1, 3)
// [1, 4, 3, 2, 5]

swift4 可以指定对象遵循特定的类型和属性

protocol MySpecialDelegateProtocol {}
class MySpecialView: UIView {}
class MyController {
  var delegate: (UIView & MySpecialDelegateProtocol)?

}

简化

public typealias Codable = Decodable & Encodable

迁移swift4

选择
Edit\Convert\To Current Swift Syntax...
因为swift3的@objc 推断模式和 4 不一样
这里需要选择

image.png

选择推荐的方式
最后